Chapter 12 Flashcards
Personality
unique characteristics that account for enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour
concious
the thoughts and feeling that we are aware of at any given moment
Preconscious- holds thoughts
Evaluation of Freud’s Theories
Inadequate evidence
Cannot be tested by scientific methods
Alfred Adler
Social, not sexual, needs and conscious thoughts are critical in the development of behaviour
The feeling of INFERIORITY motivates a quest for superiority
Carl Jung
Unconciosus has two parts: personal unconsious(formed through personal experience)
Collective unconscious- inherited memories shared by all humankind, which he calls archetypes
Abraham maslow
Believed much could be learned from studying healthy, well adjusted people
This led to the study of positive psychology
(FOCUS ON HEALTHY EXPERIENCES)
Carl Rogers
Humans are fundamentally positive and strive for self-actualization
Self Concept
A pattern of self-perception that remains consistent over time and can be used to characterize an individual
CARL ROGER
Unconditional positive regard
acceptance without terms or conditions- client-centred therapy is the experts
CARL ROGETS
Personality traits
Tendencies to behave in a certain way that remains relatively constant across situations
Personality trait model
mini theory about the structure of personality traits
Trait theories- Gordon Allport
First trait theorist
based work on LEXICAL HYPOTHISIS- idea that our language contains the important ways in which people can differ
Raymond Cattell- Factor Analysis
Used a factor analysis tool to reduce the 100000 traits he found in his dictionary to 16 traits
Superfactors- Eysenck
Superfactor- three independent superfactors that are called primary dimensions of personality
Three super factors
Extraversion- sociable
Neuroticism- worried
Pscholticism- nasty
persnality inventory
questionnaire designed to access various aspects of personality
Five-Factor Model
O C E A N
Agreeableness/disagreeableness
extroversion/introversion
neuroticism/stability
conciousnentiousness/Responsibility
open to experience/unimaganitivness
Myers-Briggs Type Indicaror
Used in career counceling to understand personality dynamics in a work setting
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory
Useful in assessing psychological disorders
Projective tests
Personality assesment device intented to tap into a persons unconcious by presenting a person unconcious by persenting abiguious data asking for interpretetaions
Rorschach Inkblot test
Thematic Aprecewption test
Situationism
the view of personality, which nots that in many social situations, people respond in similar ways, meaning that the situation drives their response rather than their personality- behavior can depend on situations
Interactionism
emphasizes the relationship between a person’s underlying personality traits and the reinfor ing aspects of the situation in which people choose to put themselves
Biological Foundations of Personality
Openness
Consientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
