CHAPTER 12 Flashcards
This means quantifying the ability of the learner
measurement
the differences between educational evaluation and educational research
- focus of inquiry
- generalizability
- value emphasis
What type of evaluation/assessment is executed in order for the teacher to know what the students already know and are able to do?
Formative
Educational research emphasize on the value fo truth while educational evaluation emphasize of the value of?
worth
The measuring of how the learners achieved the expected levels of competencies as a result of instruction.
assessment
What type of evaluation/assessment is done during the learning process?
Formative
This reflects the trueness and accuracy of the evaluation data gathered.
validity
what type of evaluation/assessment is dialogue-based and ungraded?
formative
This means to judge the knowledge, understanding and intelligence of the students
test
its purpose is not only to check and judge the knowledge of the learner but all the aspects of the learner
evaluation
The sponsors, clients, participants, and stakeholders are the consumers of summative evaluation
True
What type of validity defines how well a test measures up to its claims?
criterion validity
This is used to assess the degree to which different observes give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
inter-rater reliability
What type of validity is established by collecting information, administered at approximately the same time to measure the same thing, to see if the results obtained with the instrument is the same with the results from other instruments?
concurrent validity
This measures the consistency of different versions of a test which are designed to be parallel
equivalent forms method
It is the estimate of how much a measure represents every single element of a construct
content validity
What type of evaluation/assessment is done to gauge student learning against a standard/benchmark?
summative
this refers to whether an assessment instrument gives the same results each time it is used in the same setting with the same type of subjects
reliability
What type of evaluation asks the question, “What results occur?”
Summative
What type of validity is established by demonstrating that the results from the instrument can be used to predict some future behavior?
predictive validity
is most frequently used for the purpose of grading and classifying students.
Educational evaluation
It is designed ot determine who among the students fail, succeed, or simply get by in a given course (Bloom, Hastings, and Madaus 1971).
Educational evaluation
Educational evaluation
testing, measurement, grading, and assessment
When teachers construct a set of questions for students to answer, in written or any other form, they are engaging in a __________.
testing activity
The usual practice of teachers is to administer a ____ at the end of instruction.
test
After the test, the students’ answers are reviewed and scores are assigned according to the number of correct responses.
Measurement
act of determining the degree to which a learner possesses a certain attribute (Popham 1993).
measurement
After measurement, each student
is assigned a corresponding grade.
Grading
usually followed by a decision to pass, promote, remediate, or fail a student.
grading
the collection of data and organizing them to measure how the learners have achieved the expected levels of competencies as a result of instruction refers to
assessment
evaluation of student achievement,
assessment
broader term “______________” refers to a much wider scope in health professions education.
educational evaluation
involves several activities in teaching and learning which could and need to be evaluated regularly.
education
roles of educational evaluation:
To provide a basis for decision making and policy formulation,
To assess student achievement,
To evaluate curricula,
To accredit schools,
To monitor expenditures of public funds, and
To improve educational materials and programs.
as the determination of the worth of any educational phenomenon or product through a systematic,
formal, and scientific collection, organization, and interpretation of data.
educational evaluation
Its final output si a recommendation ofdecisions the educational managers have to make regarding the educational phenomenon or product evaluated.
educational evaluation
Toward the end of the semester, a biochemistry teacher grades her students to determine their standing in class.
Grading
The dean of Health Science College X gathers pre- and post-test scores of students from two classes to measure how the difference between two teaching methods affected instruction and if the school would advocate any of the instructional methods.
Faculty member Yconstructed a series of questions for the practical examination that would be administered ni his class. Theitems would be later pooled to develop arating scale on taking a patient’s vital signs
is a disciplined inquiry; it si systematic and formal and, therefore, follows aset of standardized methodologies and processes
Educational evaluation
differs from evaluation in terms of focus of inquiry, generalizability, and value emphasis.
educational research
want to explain educational phenomena, discuss them in relation to other similar cases and variables, and draw conclusions about them.
Educational researchers
______ of educational research are matched or compared to comparable situations or populations and are attempted to be generalized.
Findings
is only interested on a particular educational program and the decisions ot be made regarding it based on the evaluation findings, e.g., termination,
modification, or extension of the program.
educational evaluation
Educational evaluation: Focus
Decisions
Educational evaluation: Generalizability
Low
Educational evaluation: Value emphasis
Worth
Educational research: Focus
Conclusions
Educational research: Generalizability
High
Educational research: Value emphasis
Truth
deciding at what stage of the educational product or phenomenon should evaluation be made. The vital concepts on this issue refer to
diagnostic,
formative, and
summative evaluations.
is usually conducted before the implementation of any educational program.
Diagnostic evaluation
Its primary purpose si for placement, to classify students according to various characteristics and assign them to the appropriate groups.
Diagnostic evaluation
It also aims to determine the presence or absence of prerequisite competencies so that the appropriate help is given to the learners.
Diagnostic evaluation
is conducted during the development and operation of a program to provide educational managers with information regarding the progress of the program.
Formative evaluation
Formative evaluation is also called
Monitoring evaluation
Is a process that should be undertaken, especially by new or pioneering programs, to guide decision makers on how else they could be improved. This type of evaluation can contribute to the gradual and effective refinement of curricular innovations in terms of establishing interim progress and immediate evaluation ofproducts or curricular milestones
monitoring/ formative evaluation
Is conducted at the end of a program to provide potential consumers with judgment about that program’s worth or merit (Worthen and Sanders 1987).
Summative evaluation
_________ of summative evaluation also refer to sponsors, clients, participants, and stakeholders.
Consumers
refers to the person or institution that authorizes the evaluation and provides the fiscal resources for the activity.
evaluation’s sponsor
refers to the specific agency or individual who requests for the evaluation.
Client
T or F| In many instances, sponsors and clients refer to a single person or institution. However, there are also cases where clients would request a sponsor to finance the evaluation for them.
True
refer to those from whom the evaluator asks data during the conduct of the study. ________ usually include the clients, other stakeholders, and other key informants.
Participants
refer to those who may be directly affected by the evaluation results.
Stakeholders
School officials, program staff, parents, students, and companies interested to recruit the school’s graduates are examples of
Stakeholders
Formative evaluation:
Purpose
Audience
Who should do it
To improve the program
Program administrators andstaf
Internal evaluator
Formative evaluation:
Major characteristic
Measures
Frequency of data collection
Timely
Often informal
Frequent
Formative evaluation:
Samples ize
Questions asked
Design constraints
Often small
What is working?
What needs to be improved?
How can it be improved?
What information is needed? When?
Summative evaluation:
Purpose
Audience
Who should do it
Summative evaluation:
Major characteristic
Measures
Frequency of data collection
Summative evaluation:
Sample size
Questions asked
Design constraints
Usually large
What results occur?
With whom?
Under what condition?
With what training? At what cost?
What claims doyou wish to make?
_________ evaluator is preferred for formative evaluations.
internal
This type of evaluator, being a member of the program being studied, definitely knows more about
the program than any outsider. However, this person may also be so close to it to the point of having difficulty ni making an objective judgment.
Internal Evaluator
_________evaluator, who, being an outsider, is not emotionally attached ot the program and can make use of objective evaluation parameters and decide accordingly. On the other hand,
it is also difficult for the _______ evaluator to fully grasp the nature of the program as deeply
as an internal one. ‘
external evaluator
