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Psych 002 > Chapter 11: The Body Senses and Movement > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Body Senses and Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

The information of the body is called?

A

somatosenses

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2
Q

The skin senses are?

A

the conditions at body surface

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3
Q

Proprioception is?

A

body position and movement

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4
Q

The interoceptive system is?

A

internal organ sensations

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5
Q

The vestibular system is?

A

head position, movement, and balance

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6
Q

The four sensations are?

A

touch, warmth, cold, and pain. Possibly itch

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7
Q

What are free nerve endings?

A

processes at the end of dendrites that detect temperatures like heat and cold as well as pain.

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8
Q

What are the receptor types?

A

free nerve endings and encapsulated receptors

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9
Q

What are encapsulated receptors?

A

complex touch receptors that are capable of sensations like texture, movement, and stretching.

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10
Q

What is the function of the vestibular sense?

A

maintain balance and provides information about head position, orientation, and movement.

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11
Q

Where is the vestibular sense located?

A

near cochlea

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12
Q

What are semicircular canals?

A

three small tubes that detect movement in three dimensions

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13
Q

What is the function of the utricle and saccule?

A

Head position relative to gravity

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14
Q

How is the body divided into?

A

dermatomes

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15
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

areas of the body served by a single spinal nerve

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16
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A

the parietal lobes posterior to the motor cortex that are organized somatotophically.

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17
Q

How many areas does the somatosensory cortex have?

A

4

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18
Q

What is the process of dermatomes?

A

Enters the spinal cord via spinal nerves, then the thalamus, and lastly, somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

Where does the secondary somatosensory cortex receive input?

A

Receives input from left and right primary somatosensory cortices and combined information from both sides of the body.

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20
Q

What are the detectors for the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

orientation, direction of movement, shape, and texture. Helps understand where pain is.

21
Q

What is the function of the superficial receptors?

A

understand texture and fine detail

22
Q

Where is the superficial receptors located?

A

top of the skin

23
Q

Where is the deep receptor located?

A

under the skin

24
Q

What is the function of deep receptors?

A

help perceive grasped objects

25
Q

How is the secondary somatosensory cortex connected to the hippocampus?

A

Through meaning and reward where if one experiences something and fixes it (reward) then one remembers what to do in order to fix it next time

26
Q

What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?

A

an association area that brings together body senses like vision and audition. Helps know where one is, where limbs are, and locate objects. Helps in posture as well as reaching and grasping objects

27
Q

What happens if the posterior parietal cortex is damaged?

A

experiences out of body disorder and body integrity disorder, and neglect

28
Q

What do the free nerve endings respond to when there is pain?

A

tissue damage, chemicals, and extreme pressure and temperature

29
Q

What type of pain is C?

A

Dull pain that is small and unmyelinated fibers transmit slow and diffuse aching pain

30
Q

What type of pain is A Delta?

A

immense and sharp pain that is large and myelinated fibers transmit immediatelt

31
Q

What is substance P?

A

a neurotransmitter that is released by neurons that convey pain along glutamate.

32
Q

How is pain relieved?

A

endorphins or opiates

33
Q

How do local anesthetics work?

A

block sodium channels in pain neurons that reduce activity. Substance P cannot fire and induce pain

34
Q

How do general anesthetics work?

A

shut the whole nervous system down

35
Q

How do anti-inflammatory drugs work?

A

supress prostaglandins. Drugs include aspirin, ibuprofin and somewhat tylenol

36
Q

How do opiates work?

A

decrease pain messages but lead to rapid tolerance and become addictive like morphine

37
Q

What are endorphins?

A

chemicals that act as neurotransmitters in the brain and as hormones in the body that bind to opiate receptors and decrease pain

38
Q

What are other ways in which endorphins are triggered?

A

physical stress, vaginal stimulation, and acupuncture

39
Q

What does naloxone do?

A

block opiate receptors

40
Q

What is gate control theory?

A

pressure triggers and inhibitory message and closes a neural “gate” in pain

41
Q

What is congenital insensitivity to pain(CIPA)?

A

ability to feel no physical pain

42
Q

How is congenital insensitivity caused?

A

gentic defect, loss of unmyelinated pain fibers, and elevated opioid levels

43
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

pain that persists after healing period

44
Q

What is phantom pain?

A

experienced pain in a missing limb or body part

45
Q

How does phantom pain occur?

A

neurons from other body areas that are intact invade the area

46
Q

What treatment is there for phantom pain?

A

prosthetics and mirror box

47
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

damage to the cns or pns

48
Q

What is nonciceptive pain?

A

hyperactive pain receptors

Psych 002 (13 decks)

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