Chapter 11 Terms Flashcards
Direct contact signaling
involves signaling between cells that are connected through cell junctions or cells that are connected through membrane proteins
Local signaling
involves secreted signal molecules released by one cell and travel short distances to cause change in nearby cells
Paracrine
Local signaling
Synaptic
Local signaling
Long distance signaling
involves hormones that are released by cells and travel through the blood stream in order to carry signal throughout the body
Secretion
signal molecules are secreted in local signaling
Hormone
released by cells and travel thru blood stream in long distance signaling
Stages of Cell Signaling: Reception, Transduction, Response
Reception - The hormone recognizes and binds to a specific membrane receptor protein of the target cell (ligand binding)
Transduction - The binding of the signaling molecule (ligand) alters the receptor protein’s shape and initiates a signal transduction pathway
Response - Once the target molecule within a cell receives the signal, it will respond to that signal
Ligand
a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule
Signal transduction pathway
The binding of the signaling molecule (ligand) alters the receptor protein’s shape and initiates a signal transduction pathway
Phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation
A major way of activating proteins is through phosphorylation and deactivation of proteins is by de-phosphorylation
Kinase
Enzymes responsible for phosphorylating protein
Protein Phosphatase
Enzymes responsible for dephosphorylating proteins
Apoptosis
(programmed cell death) in response stage.
Components of the cell are chopped up and packaged into vesicles that are digested by scavenger cells
-Apoptosis prevents enzymes from leaking out of a dying cell and damaging neighboring cells
