Chapter 10 Terms

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

an anabolic process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria synthesize glucose by using light energy, CO2, and H2O

Question 2

chloroplasts

Answer 2

The storage sites of photosynthesis in plants.

found mainly in cells of the mesophyll, the interior tissue of the leaf

Question 3

mesophyll

Answer 3

the interior tissue of the leaf

Question 4

stomata

Answer 4

microscopic pores of leaf by which CO2 enters and O2 exits leaf

Question 5

stroma

Answer 5

envelope of two membranes surrounding a dense fluid that the chloroplast has

Question 6

thylakoids

Answer 6

connected sacs in the chloroplast which compose a third membrane system
may be stacked in columns called grana

Question 7

thylakoid membrane

Answer 7

membrane of thylakoids

Chlorophyll, the pigment which gives leaves their green color, resides in it

Question 8

thylakoid space

Answer 8

In chloroplasts, protons are pumped into this and drive ATP synthesis as they diffuse back into the stroma

Question 9

chlorophyll

Answer 9

the pigment which gives leaves their green color, resides in the thylakoid membranes

Question 10

light reactions

Answer 10

stage of photosynthesis. Light dependent reactions
Occurs in the thylakoids of chloroplasts
(photo)

Question 11

Calvin cycle

Answer 11

stage of photosynthesis. Light independent reactions
(synthesis)
Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts
—- cyclic series of reactions that ultimately reduce CO2 into G3P with the help of the ATP and NADH that were made during the light reactions

Question 12

NADP+

Answer 12

reduced in light reactions to NADPH

Question 13

NADPH

Answer 13

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH (electron carrier for anabolic processes)

Question 14

photophosphorylation

Answer 14

ATP is made from ADP by this

Question 15

glyceride 3-phosphate (G3P)

Answer 15

the ATP and NADPH made during the light reactions are used to reduce CO2 into this three carbon sugar

Question 16

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 16

energy that travels through space in the form of electro-magnetic waves (Light is a from of this)

Question 17

wavelength

Answer 17

The distance between the crests in a light wave

Question 18

visible spectrum

Answer 18

ranges between ~380-750 nm wavelengths

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet

Question 19

absorb light

Answer 19

Pigments are substances that absorb visible light

Question 20

transmitted light

Answer 20

Wavelengths that are not absorbed are reflected or transmitted

Question 21

reflected light

Answer 21

Wavelengths that are not absorbed are reflected or transmitted

Question 22

accessory pigments

Answer 22

Plants may also have these additional pigments that broaden the amount of light that can be harnessed to fuel photosynthesis

Question 23

chlorophyll a

Answer 23

blue-green pigment and is the primary photosynthetic pigment for most plants

Question 24

chlorophyll b

Answer 24

yellow-green accessory pigment

Question 25

carotenoids

Answer 25

orange and yellow accessory pigments that not only broaden energy absorption, but also have a protective role by absorbing light waves that may damage chlorophyll a (photo-protection)

Question 26

photo-protection

Answer 26

protective role of carotenoids by absorbing light waves that may damage chlorophyll a (photo-protection)

Question 27

fluorescence

Answer 27

When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, photons are given off, an afterglow
If illuminated, an isolated solution of chlorophyll will fluoresce, giving off light and heat

Question 28

ground state

Answer 28

original state of pigment.

When a pigment absorbs light, it goes from a ground state to an excited state

Question 29

photon

Answer 29

given off when excited electrons fall back to ground state

Question 30

photosystem

Answer 30

consists of a reaction-center complex (a type of protein complex) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes