Chapter 11 (Part 2)

Question 1

what are the two major types of acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 1

nicotinic receptors

muscarinic receptors

Question 2

muscarinic cholinergic receptors are coupled to ?

Answer 2

G proteins

Question 3

nicotinic cholinergic receptors are coupled to ?

Answer 3

ionotropic

Question 4

adrenergic receptors exist as either ?

Answer 4

alpha or beta receptors

Question 5

binding to alpha adrenergic receptors means ? (3)

Answer 5

• increase blood pressure
• decrease circulation to GI tract and kidneys to provide more blood flow to skeletal/cardiac muscles
• results in increased blood return to the heart

Question 6

binding to beta adrenergic receptors means ? (3)

Answer 6

• increase heart rate and heart contraction force
• dilation of bronchial airways of the lungs
• dilate skeletal muscle blood vessels and cardiac coronary arteries

Question 7

what is the goal of the autonomic nervous system synapse?

Answer 7

stimulate multiple target cells at once

Question 8

what do autonomic neurons have instead of axon terminals?

Answer 8

varicosities along each collateral axon

Question 9

what is the significance of varicosities in the autonomic neurons?

Answer 9

target a large surface area on a gland or smooth muscle by raining down NTs

Question 10

what are two drugs that can be used to manipulate the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

agonist and antagonist

Question 11

what is an agonist?

Answer 11

compound that binds to the same receptor as a natural signaling molecule; elecitis same effect as the natural signaling molecule

Question 12

what is an antagonist?

Answer 12

compound that binds to the same receptor but does not trigger an effect; blocks the effect of natural signaling molecule

Question 13

name an example of a commonly used acetylcholine antagonist?

Answer 13

atropine

Question 14

how is atropine commonly used?

Answer 14

in eye exams

Question 15

name a place we might find a1 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 15

nasal blood vessels

Question 16

name a place we might find b2 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 16

bronchioles

Question 17

nasal blood vessels have ____ adrenergic receptors

Answer 17

a1

Question 18

bronchioles have ___ adrenergic receptors

Answer 18

b2

Question 19

what makes up a muscle?

Answer 19

muscle fibers

Question 20

what is a muscle fiber?

Answer 20

fusion of muscle cells

Question 21

a motor unit is made of….

Answer 21

motor neuron + all muscle fibers it innervates

Question 22

why is 1 muscle fiber only innervated by one motor neuron?

Answer 22

troops and officers. you want everyone following the same orders, and you don’t want to send conflicting signals to the same fiber.