Chapter 10 Pt. 2 (Part 2)

Question 1

what NT is released by photoreceptors?

Answer 1

glutamate

Question 2

what NT is released by horizontal cells?

Answer 2

GABA

Question 3

what NT is released by amacrine cells?

Answer 3

GABA and acetylcholine

Question 4

secrete GABA

Answer 4

horizontal cells, amacrine cells

Question 5

secrete glutamate

Answer 5

photoreceptors

Question 6

where is rhodopsin found?

Answer 6

only in rods

Question 7

what are the component parts of rhodopsin?

Answer 7

opsin + retinal

Question 8

what is opsin?

Answer 8

a protein which forms part of the visual pigment rhodopsin

Question 9

each cone has either…

Answer 9

S, M, or L-opsin

Question 10

what happens to a retinal structure when it absorbs light?

Answer 10

converts from 11-cis to all-trans

Question 11

what prompts a retinal structure to convert from 11-cis to all-trans

Answer 11

retinal structure absorbs light

Question 12

what happens when the retinal undergoes a conformational change?

Answer 12

changes the shape of the opsin protein

Question 13

what happens when the opsin protein changes shape?

Answer 13

creates a binding site for the trimeric G protein, transducin

Question 14

what is transducin?

Answer 14

trimeric G protein

Question 15

what is the role of trimeric G protein transducin when it binds to opsin?

Answer 15

releases GDP and binds GTP

Question 16

describe what happens to the a-subunit of transducin when GTP binds to transducin

Answer 16

a-subunit of transducin becomes activated and dissociates when GTP binds to transducin

Question 17

what is the role of the a-subunit ?

Answer 17

the released a-subunit can now bind to and activate cGMP phosphodiesterase

Question 18

what is the role of cGMP phosphodiesterase?

Answer 18

degrade cGMP to GMP

Question 19

what wavelength of light has the least energy?

Answer 19

red. longest wavelength.

Question 20

what wavelength of light has the most energy?

Answer 20

violet. shortest wavelength.