Chapter 10 Pt. 3 (Part 1) Flashcards
sound the alarm
call the police
how to differentiate between low, medium, and high notes?
they deflect the membrane at different locations
Why have nature chosen K+ over Na+ to depolarize hair cells?
K+ can flow freely through the scala media via simple diffusion.
because Na+ does not follow a concentration gradient in that region, Na+ would have to be pumped = more ATPase pumps = ATP = ox. phos. = O2 = blood = vessels = vibrations = perceived as sound
What is the function of the round window?
- allows for the movement of fluid within the cochlea
- by being displaced outward from the cochlea, it prevents the buildup of pressure caused by the movement of that fluid in the cochlea
what are the two most common causes of hearing loss?
- loud noises
- aging
why do loud noises cause hearing loss? (3)
very loud noises can deflect stereocilia strongly enough to break them off
stereocilia do not regenerate
earbuds are causing hearing loss in young people
hearing loss in men vs. women? (2)
more prominent in men than women, the reason for gender differences is unknown.
what frequencies are most affected in hearing loss due to aging?
lose ability to hear high frequencies more so than low
what is tinnitus?
the phantom sensation of ringing in the ears
how to cure tinnitus?
no cure
what causes tinnitus (2)
- damaged or misfiring of neurons between the cochlea and the brain
- one of the most common causes of tinnitus is loud noise-induced hearing loss
how to treat tinnitus?
sound therapy with white noise trains the brain to ignore the ringing sound
what can a diver do to determine up and down orientation?
why might taste buds be more densely located in the front of the tongue?
from an evolutionary standpoint, to detect poison
what are olfactory receptor cells?
specialized ending of renewable neurons
