Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

The urge to move toward one’s goals to accomplish tasks

Question 2

What are the components of motivation?

Answer 2

Needs - biological (need for water)
Drives - Internal urge you to fulfill need (thirst)
Incentives - external motivator ($)

Question 3

What is drive reduction model of motivation?

Answer 3

Homeostasis - motivated to reduce drives through actions that satisfy needs

Question 4

What is Optimal Arousal Model of motivation?

Answer 4

Peak performance at mid-level of arousal

Question 5

What is the evolutionary model of motivation?

Answer 5

All motives surround basic survival/reproduction needs

Question 6

What is the hierarchical model of motivation?

Answer 6

(Top to bottom)
Self actualization
Esteem Needs
Love and Belonging
Safety and Security
Physiological

Question 7

What biological factors affect when we eat?

Answer 7

Stomach
Blood
Brain
Hormones

Question 8

What psychological factors affect what we eat?

Answer 8

Evolutionary Forces
-sugar, salt, fat

Cultural Forces
-familiarity

Question 9

What area of the brain is associated with sex?

Answer 9

Hypothalamus (basic biological drives)

Question 10

What happens to brain function during orgasm?

Answer 10

fear/anxiety turned down

Question 11

What role does testosterone play in sex?

Answer 11

regulates sex drive in men/women

Question 12

What role does ovulation play in sex?

Answer 12

Peak sex drive in women

Question 13

How is sexual orientation measured?

Answer 13

a continuum

Question 14

How is sexual orientation affected by nature?

Answer 14

• fetal exposure to testosterone
• size of region in hypothalamus
• genetic influence for males (gene on x chromosome)

Question 15

What is the need to belong?

Answer 15

Affiliation:

• Rejection can lead to:
  a) Health problems
  b) Depression and suicide
  c) Anger, violence and aggression

Question 16

What is the need to excel?

Answer 16

Achievement

• Motivation in the workplace
  a) Extrinsic motivation (paycheck)
  b) Intrinsic motivation (satisfaction)
  c) Perceived support by Organization (appreciation)

Question 17

What are the universal basic emotions?

Answer 17

Anger
Disgust
Fear
Happiness
Sadness
Surprise

Question 18

What are self conscious emotions?

Answer 18

Occur because of how we feel we are meeting our own and society’s expectations.
Must be taught.
-Embarassment, shame, guilt, pride, humiliation

Question 19

What is the emotional process?

Answer 19

Antecedent -> Appraisal -> Physiological, behavioral, subjective changes

Question 20

What is reappraisal?

Answer 20

Trying to control emotional response after appraisal

Question 21

What part of the brain controls emotions?

Answer 21

Amygdala

Question 22

What aspect of emotions does the prefrontal cortex control?

Answer 22

response, regulation, reappraisal

Question 23

What is the difference between men and women when it comes to emotions?

Answer 23

Men are better at controlling and suppressing emotions

Women are more emotionally expressive

Question 24

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 24

ability to recognize emotions in self & others
Empathetic understanding
Skills for regulating emotions in self & others

Question 25

Are facial expressions and physiological changes universal to basic emotions?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Are situation appraisal and expression regulation culturally derived?

Answer 26

yes