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Anthropology 100A AM new > Chapter 11: Marriage, Family and Gender > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Marriage, Family and Gender Flashcards

1
Q

marriage

A

defined as 3 main things:
1. sexual access between partners
2. Regulation of the sexual division of labour
3. Support and legitimacy of children in society

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2
Q

family of orientation

A

including blood-related parents, siblings, grand-parents and relatives

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3
Q

family of procreation

A

when a pair has their own children

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4
Q

monogamy*

A

marriage between 2 people

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5
Q

serial monogamy

A

marriage to one partner at a time with a succession of partners, common in countries with high divorce rates

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6
Q

polygamy*

A

the marriage practice of having 2 or more spouses

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7
Q

polygyny

A

have 2 or more wives at the same time
popular for the survival of the species

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8
Q

polyandry

A

a woman takes 2 or more husbands, may be beneficial in places where limits on population growth aid survival

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9
Q

exogamy

A

marriage partners must come from different groups
Links families from differing communities together
Acts to broaden the gene pool of any intermarrying group leading to more genetic diversity

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10
Q

endogamy

A

marriage is required from people in the same social group, can be seem in societies with strong ethnic, religious or socio-economic class divisions

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11
Q

caste system in India

A

classes that you are born into and cannot change into another one, marriage partners are only chosen from within the same caste, often the same family which decreases genetic diversity and inevitably can cause disease due to inbreeding

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12
Q

incest taboo

A

example of a cultural universal which is something that underlies the universal needs of human beings

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13
Q

household

A

domestic unit of residence, members contribute to child rearing, inheritance and the production and consumption of goods, do not need to live under the same roof

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14
Q

nuclear family*

A

2 generations living together, this type or residence is neolocal, makes sense in industrial societies due to independence training

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15
Q

extended family*

A

blood-related family members will bring their spouses to live with their family of orientation

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16
Q

affinal kin*

A

related by marriage

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17
Q

consanguineal kin*

A

related by blood

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18
Q

matrilocal residence*

A

when husbands join their wives families of orientation after marriage, common under conditions where land is held by the woman’s family line, woman remain in their home of orientation so that the land is not divided upon marriage

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19
Q

patrilocal residence*

A

when wives join their husbands families of orientation after marriage, most common type of residence pattern across the world, common in societies where pastoralist or intensive agricultural is practiced for subsistence

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20
Q

bride price

A

the valuables that a groom and his family are required to present to the bride’s family for when the bride leaves her home to live with her husband, the young bride is expected to support in labour and bear children

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21
Q

bride service

A

rather than a gift to the bride family, the groom spends a period of time working for her family to compensate

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22
Q

dowry

A

when the groom goes to live with the bride’s family
the gift of money or goods from the bride’s family to the groom’s family to compensate for the loss of their son

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23
Q

dowry death

A

when the dowry is failed to be put forward or paid, thousands of woman are killed or commit suicide over dowry

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24
Q

arranged marriage

A

parents will generally seek a match for their son or daughter from the same or higher caste or community, socio-economic class or religion

25
Q

forced marriage

A

a young person has no say into who they marry

26
Q

child marriage

A

young girls are betrothed to older men

27
Q

kinship*

A

family relations, can be related through blood, marriage, adoption, etc

28
Q

fictive kinship*

A

constructed “family” of unrelated individuals who rely on each other for social support, economic resources, protection

29
Q

nurture kinship*

A

relationships built upon caring and attachment

30
Q

descent group

A

group of people who trace their descent from a particular ancestor

31
Q

bilateral descent

A

some societies trace their genealogy back through both the father and mothers lines

32
Q

unilineal*

A

in some societies, descent is reckoned along one line

33
Q

patrilineal descent*

A

traced through the fathers bloodline

34
Q

matrilineal descent*

A

traced through the mothers bloodline

35
Q

gender identity

A

social and cultural norms combines with the individuals biology that may make up a person’s identity

36
Q

binary

A

one approach to gender and sexuality

37
Q

sex*

A

biological and physiological differences including sex chromosomes, hormones, reproductive structures, external genitalia

38
Q

sexuality

A

refers to attraction, either romantic or physical

39
Q

gender*

A

the set of social meanings assigned by culture, a person’s internal experience of identity as male, female both or neither as well as the expression of that identity in social behaviour

40
Q

intersex

A

1 in 2000, a person who has a combination of physiological or morphological traits that place them on the gender spectrum

41
Q

gender roles

A

the culturally appropriate roles of individuals in society, express the cultural norms expected of a person of each sex

42
Q

androgynous

A

gender neutral

43
Q

cisgender

A

those who experience their gender identity as matching their assigned sex at birth

44
Q

transgender

A

those who internally experience their gender identity as different from their assigned sex at birth

45
Q

gender queer / gender fluid

A

people who experience their identity of expression along a spectrum, in a non-binary way

46
Q

gender dysphoria

A

people who experience their gender identity as nonconforming may experience this feeling, distress due to their identity

47
Q

two spirit

A

term used for an Indigenous person who experiences both genders inhabiting the body

48
Q

third gender

A

neither man nor woman, but with elements of both

49
Q

hijra

A

third gender variant in India and Pakistan, consider themselves not-man, not-woman

50
Q

sexual orientation*

A

romantic or sexual attraction to another person

51
Q

sharia law

A

found in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, Nigeria, a person may be put to death for homosexual acts

52
Q

pansexual

A

attracted to anyone regardless of gender or sexuality

53
Q

polysexual

A

attracted to people of multiple genders or sexes

54
Q

asexual

A

having few or no sexual or romantic feelings

55
Q

androphilia

A

preference of men

56
Q

gynophilia

A

preference of women

57
Q

body modification

A

one of the most common ways people express their identities an make themselves attractive (makeup, piercings, tattoos)

58
Q

rite of passage

A

moving from stage of life to another

59
Q

scarification

A

inscribing artistic symbols on the body as a marker of identity

Anthropology 100A AM new (7 decks)

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