Chapter 11: Juvenile Courts, Rights, and Processing

Question 1

Juvenile Court Jurisdiction

Answer 1

power of juvenile courts to hear cases involving persons under the legal age of adulthood

Question 2

Juveniles

Answer 2

persons who have not as yet achieved their 18 birthday or the age of majority

Question 3

juvenile court

Answer 3

a term for any court with original jurisdiction over persons statutorily defined as juveniles and alleged to be a delinquents, status offenders, or dependents

Question 4

juvenile delinquency

Answer 4

the violation of criminal laws by juveniles.

Question 5

juvenile delinquent

Answer 5

any minor who commits an offense that would be a crime if committed by an adult

Question 6

status offender

Answer 6

juvenile commit offenses that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult

Question 7

runaways

Answer 7

consist of youths who leave their house without permission or parents knowledge and who remain away for a prolonged period of time

Question 8

truants

Answer 8

juveniles who do not attend school and do not have either school or parental permission to be absent

Question 9

curfew violators

Answer 9

juveniles who are out after specified evening hours when they are prohibited from loitering or not being in the company of a parent or guardian

Question 10

stigmatize

Answer 10

the process of labeling someone as delinquent or a criminal on basis of their exhibited behavior

Question 11

divestiture of jurisdiction

Answer 11

juvenile court relinquishment of control over certain types of juveniles, such as status offenders

Question 12

deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO)

Answer 12

process of removing status offenders from jurisdiction of juvenile court

Question 13

deinstitutionalization

Answer 13

providing programs in community based setting instead of institutional ones

Question 14

Juvenile Justice and Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA)

Answer 14

act that declared that the juveniles should be separated by both sight and sound from adult offenders in detention and correctional facilities

Question 15

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)

Answer 15

designed to remove status offenders from jurisdiction of juvenile courts and dispose of their cases less formally

Question 16

Children in need of supervision (CHINS)

Answer 16

typically unruly or incorrigible childern who cannot be supervised well by their parents

Question 17

parent patriae

Answer 17

parent of the country, refers to doctrine that state oversees the welfare of youth

Question 18

criminalization

Answer 18

transformation of civil proceeding into criminal proceeding; the juvenile court has undergone a transformation toward greater criminalization as juveniles have acquired almost the same # of legal rights as adults

Question 19

illinois juvenille court act

Answer 19

legislation establishing first juvenile court in U.S. in 1899

Question 20

reformatory

Answer 20

detention facility designed to charge criminal behavior or reform it

Question 21

society for the prevention of pauperism

Answer 21

philanthropic society that established 1st public reformatory in 1825, the New York House of Refuge

Question 22

child savers

Answer 22

groups who promoted rights of minors and helped create a seperate juvenile court

Question 23

due process courts

Answer 23

juvenile courts where the emphasis is upon punishment and offender control rather than individualized treatments and assistance

Question 24

referral

Answer 24

any citation of a juvenile to juvenile court by a law enforcement officer

Question 25

intake

Answer 25

screening procedure conducted by a court officer or a probation officer where one or several actions are reccomended

Question 26

intake officer

Answer 26

officer who conducts screening of juveniles

Question 27

petition

Answer 27

requests that the juvenile court decide whether the allegations are true and determine appropriate penalty or disposition

Question 28

prosecutorial waiver

Answer 28

authority of prosecutors in juvenile cases to have those cases transferred to the jurisdiction of criminal court