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Biology > Chapter 11- Intro To Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Intro To Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genetics

A

The scientific study of heredity

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2
Q

Fertilization

A

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join

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3
Q

True breeding

A

Produce identical offspring

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4
Q

Trait

A

Specific characteristic

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5
Q

Hybrids

A

Offspring of parents with different traits

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6
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of a gene

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7
Q

Segregation

A

Separation

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8
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

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9
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

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10
Q

Punnett square

A

Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a trait

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12
Q

Heterozygous

A

Organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait

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13
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristics

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14
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup

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15
Q

Independent assortment

A

Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

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16
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phentypes

17
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

18
Q

Multiple alleles

A

3 or more alleles of the same gene

19
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Having many genes

Traits controlled by two or more genes

20
Q

Homologous

A

Chromosomes that each have a chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

21
Q

Diploid

A

Two sets

Cell containing both sets of homologous chromosomes

22
Q

Haploid

A

One set

Cells containing one set of chromosomes

23
Q

Meiosis

A

Process by which the # of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

24
Q

Tetrad

A

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis

25
Q

Crossing-over

A

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

26
Q

Gene map

A

Diagram showing the relative locations of ech known gene on a particular chromosome

Biology (10 decks)

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