Chapter 11- Intro To Genetics Flashcards
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join
True breeding
Produce identical offspring
Trait
Specific characteristic
Hybrids
Offspring of parents with different traits
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Segregation
Separation
Gametes
Sex cells
Probability
The likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett square
Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
Homozygous
Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
Organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait
Phenotype
Physical characteristics
Genotype
Genetic makeup
Independent assortment
Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
Incomplete dominance
Heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phentypes
Codominance
Both alleles contribute to the phenotype
Multiple alleles
3 or more alleles of the same gene
Polygenic traits
Having many genes
Traits controlled by two or more genes
Homologous
Chromosomes that each have a chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
Diploid
Two sets
Cell containing both sets of homologous chromosomes
Haploid
One set
Cells containing one set of chromosomes
Meiosis
Process by which the # of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Tetrad
Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis
Crossing-over
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Gene map
Diagram showing the relative locations of ech known gene on a particular chromosome
