8 & 9 Vocab Flashcards
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP
One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy
Adenine, 5- carbon sugar(ribose), and 3 phosphate groups
Photosynthesis
Process when plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen
Pigment
Light absorbing molecules that plans gather the suns energy with
Chlorophyll
A plant’s principal pigment
Thylakoid
Saclike photosynthetic membranes in the chloroplasts
Stroma
The region outside the thylakoid membranes
NADP+
Carrier molecule
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Accepts and holds two high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion
Light dependent reactions
Require light
Produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH
ATP synthase
Spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it
Calvin cycle
When use energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a while
Calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C
Glycolysis
The first pathway of the process when cells release energy from glucose
Cellular respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
NAD+
Nicotinamide anenine dinucleotide
Each NAD+ accepts 2 high-energy electrons
Fermentation
Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
