Chapter 11: Human Development Flashcards
What is a zygote?
one celled organism formed by the union of the sperm and egg
What is development?
Age related changes that occur as a person progresses
What is the prenatal period?
conception to birth, 9 months
What are the three stages of prenatal development, and what happens in each?
Germinal– zygote is created, begins to implant, placenta created
Embryonic– Organs and systems deve. physiological struc. deve.
Fetal– muscles and bones deve., respiratory and digestive system matures
In what stage of prenatal development does the placenta start to form?
Germinal Stage
In what stage of prenatal development does cell division start to become specialized?
Embryonic
In what stage of prenatal development are all of the physiological structures formed?
Embryonic Stage
When do most miscarriages happen?
During the embryonic stage
When is the germinal stage?
First 2 weeks after conception
When is the embryonic stage?
two weeks to the second month
In what stage of prenatal development do the skeletal structures harden and the sex organs start to develop?
Fetal Stage
What is the age of viability?
the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth
True or false, between 22 weeks and 26 weeks the fetus reaches the age of viability?
True
True or false, at 26 weeks the chance of survival of a premature birth is raised to 75%
True
What are teratogens?
any external agents, such as drugs or viruses that can harm the embryo or fetus
True or false, exposure to cocaine is associated with an increased risk of birth complications
True
Excessive usage of alcohol during pregnancy can cause what?
microcephaly, heart defects, irritability, hyperactivity, and delayed mental and motor development
Smoking during pregnancy can lead to what?
Slower than average cognitive development
attention deficits
hyperactivity
and conduct problems
True or false, air pollution has been linked to impairments in cognitive development at age 5
True
True or false, exposure to the chemicals used in flame retardant materials correlates with slower mental and physical development up through age 6
True
Why is it difficult to review the impact of moderate prenatal malnutrition?
Because the variables are cofounded, such as poverty, drug abuse, and limited access to health care
True or false, maternal emotions can have an impact on prenatal development
True
True or false, prenatal malnutrition has been linked to an increase in vulnerability to schizophrenia
True
What was one of the earlier topics studied by developmental psychologists?
Motor Development
What are the three basic principles of motor development?
Cephalocaudal trend- head to foot direction of motor development
(Control of upper part of body before the lower part)
Proximadistal- centre-outward direction of motor development
Maturation- development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint