Chapter 11: Human Development

Question 0

What is a zygote?

Answer 0

one celled organism formed by the union of the sperm and egg

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Age related changes that occur as a person progresses

Question 2

What is the prenatal period?

Answer 2

conception to birth, 9 months

Question 3

What are the three stages of prenatal development, and what happens in each?

Answer 3

Germinal– zygote is created, begins to implant, placenta created
Embryonic– Organs and systems deve. physiological struc. deve.
Fetal– muscles and bones deve., respiratory and digestive system matures

Question 4

In what stage of prenatal development does the placenta start to form?

Answer 4

Germinal Stage

Question 5

In what stage of prenatal development does cell division start to become specialized?

Answer 5

Embryonic

Question 6

In what stage of prenatal development are all of the physiological structures formed?

Answer 6

Embryonic Stage

Question 7

When do most miscarriages happen?

Answer 7

During the embryonic stage

Question 8

When is the germinal stage?

Answer 8

First 2 weeks after conception

Question 9

When is the embryonic stage?

Answer 9

two weeks to the second month

Question 10

In what stage of prenatal development do the skeletal structures harden and the sex organs start to develop?

Answer 10

Fetal Stage

Question 11

What is the age of viability?

Answer 11

the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth

Question 12

True or false, between 22 weeks and 26 weeks the fetus reaches the age of viability?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or false, at 26 weeks the chance of survival of a premature birth is raised to 75%

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are teratogens?

Answer 14

any external agents, such as drugs or viruses that can harm the embryo or fetus

Question 15

True or false, exposure to cocaine is associated with an increased risk of birth complications

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Excessive usage of alcohol during pregnancy can cause what?

Answer 16

microcephaly, heart defects, irritability, hyperactivity, and delayed mental and motor development

Question 17

Smoking during pregnancy can lead to what?

Answer 17

Slower than average cognitive development
attention deficits
hyperactivity
and conduct problems

Question 18

True or false, air pollution has been linked to impairments in cognitive development at age 5

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false, exposure to the chemicals used in flame retardant materials correlates with slower mental and physical development up through age 6

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Why is it difficult to review the impact of moderate prenatal malnutrition?

Answer 20

Because the variables are cofounded, such as poverty, drug abuse, and limited access to health care

Question 21

True or false, maternal emotions can have an impact on prenatal development

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or false, prenatal malnutrition has been linked to an increase in vulnerability to schizophrenia

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What was one of the earlier topics studied by developmental psychologists?

Answer 23

Motor Development

Question 24

What are the three basic principles of motor development?

Answer 24

Cephalocaudal trend- head to foot direction of motor development
(Control of upper part of body before the lower part)
Proximadistal- centre-outward direction of motor development
Maturation- development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint