Chapter 11: Groups And Individual- The Consequences Of Belonging

Question 1

What is a cohesive group

Answer 1

One where there are strong bonds among members

Question 2

What is a group

Answer 2

It involves people who perceive themselves to be part of a coherent unit as seen as different from another group.

Question 3

What are common bond group

Answer 3

Coherent group which involves face to face interaction among members and are bonded to each other which includes friendship and family

Question 4

What are common identity group

Answer 4

Members linked via category as a whole rather than each other such as nationality school gender.

Question 5

What is entitativity

Answer 5

The extent to which group perceived as coherent whole and can range from low end that is just a collection of people or the high end where members of intimate groups like family share name history or identity.

Groups high in intitativity have members interact with one another , group is important in some way to members and members share common goals as well as perceive themselves as similar to one another in important ways.

Question 6

Define status

Answer 6

Rank within group which can be an official position or how long membership is.

Question 7

What are feeling rules

Answer 7

Expectations about the emotions that are appropriate to express

Question 8

What are collective group

Answer 8

Norm is to maintain hormony among members even if it involves personal cost disagreement and conflict

Question 9

What are individualistic group

Answer 9

Norm is to value standing out from the group and be different from others

Question 9

What are individualistic group

Answer 9

Norm is to value standing out from the group and be different from others

Question 10

What is schism

Answer 10

The splintering of group into distinct factors that couldn’t stay United by single identity.

Question 11

What is social facilitaton

Answer 11

The effects of the presence of others on performance.

Question 12

What is the drive theory of social facilitaton

Answer 12

Focuses on arousal or drive based effect on performance where presence of others will improve individual performance when skilled but will interfere with with performance when unskilled.

Question 13

What is the distraction conflict theory

Answer 13

Tendency to resist ones attention to focus only on essential areas or stimuli

Question 14

What is addictive tasks and social loafing

Answer 14

Ones in which contributions of members are combined into single group output

Social loafing is reduced efforts when individuals work collectively

Question 15

How can you reduce social loafing

Answer 15

Getting contribution to a task will help members identify with group

Increase members commitment to successful task performance

Increase apparent importance or Value of tasks

Set standards for performing

Question 16

Define co operation

Answer 16

Helping that’s mutual where both benefits working together to achieve goals

Question 17

Define conflict

Answer 17

A process in which individuals or groups perceive that others have taken stand incompatible with their own.

Question 18

Define social embeddedness

Answer 18

A sense of knowing the reputation of other parties involved by knowing someone else who knows them

Question 19

What are social dilemmas

Answer 19

Are situations in which Each person can increase their gains by acting in a selfish manner but if all do the same the outcomes experience by all are reduced.

Question 20

What is the prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 20

Situation faced by 2 suspect where either or both co operate or compete. If both are quiet both get sentenced. If they compete against each other both still get a sentence but if one co operates and one competes one goes free and other sentenced

Question 21

What is bargaining and what does it involve

Answer 21

Opposing sides exchange offers counter offers and concessions either directly or through representative.

Beginning with an extreme initial offer which is favourable to side proposing it

Attempting to convince otherside that one’s breakeven point is higher than that inorder to offer more than the case.

Convincing otherside that u can go elsewhere and get better terms

Question 22

What are the 3 rules for fairness

Answer 22

Distributive justice involves outcomes we receive according to equity rule where rewards should be divided among members in accordance with their contribution.

Procedural justice based on extent to which the procedures are applied in same manner to all.there are opportunities for correcting errors in distribution and decision makers avoid being influenced by own self interest.

Transactional justice is the extent to which we are given clear and rational reasons for why rewards were divided as they were.

Question 23

What is group polarisation

Answer 23

Where initial leaning or preference of group prior to discussions is strengthened during group deliberation.

Involves risky shift and social comparison which implies holding views better than other group members which are prototypical.
Involves fact that during group discussions most argument favour groups initial preference.

Question 24

What is group think

Answer 24

The tendency for decision making group to close around a decision to assume group can’t be wrong with pressure from members supporting decision

Question 25

What are emergent group norms

Answer 25

Norms suggesting group is infallible morally superior and no need to discuss decisions.

Question 26

Define brainstorming

Answer 26

Process whereby people meet to generate ideas and assume more creative output will emerge