Chapter 11: Groups And Individual- The Consequences Of Belonging Flashcards
11.1 describe the types and features of groups 11.2 identify how presence of others impact performance 11.3 evaluate factors that impact group co operation and conflict 11.4 recall how group fairness is judged impacts behaviour 11.5 analyze theories to understand leadership in group setting
What is a cohesive group
One where there are strong bonds among members
What is a group
It involves people who perceive themselves to be part of a coherent unit as seen as different from another group.
What are common bond group
Coherent group which involves face to face interaction among members and are bonded to each other which includes friendship and family
What are common identity group
Members linked via category as a whole rather than each other such as nationality school gender.
What is entitativity
The extent to which group perceived as coherent whole and can range from low end that is just a collection of people or the high end where members of intimate groups like family share name history or identity.
Groups high in intitativity have members interact with one another , group is important in some way to members and members share common goals as well as perceive themselves as similar to one another in important ways.
Define status
Rank within group which can be an official position or how long membership is.
What are feeling rules
Expectations about the emotions that are appropriate to express
What are collective group
Norm is to maintain hormony among members even if it involves personal cost disagreement and conflict
What are individualistic group
Norm is to value standing out from the group and be different from others
What are individualistic group
Norm is to value standing out from the group and be different from others
What is schism
The splintering of group into distinct factors that couldn’t stay United by single identity.
What is social facilitaton
The effects of the presence of others on performance.
What is the drive theory of social facilitaton
Focuses on arousal or drive based effect on performance where presence of others will improve individual performance when skilled but will interfere with with performance when unskilled.
What is the distraction conflict theory
Tendency to resist ones attention to focus only on essential areas or stimuli
What is addictive tasks and social loafing
Ones in which contributions of members are combined into single group output
Social loafing is reduced efforts when individuals work collectively
How can you reduce social loafing
Getting contribution to a task will help members identify with group
Increase members commitment to successful task performance
Increase apparent importance or Value of tasks
Set standards for performing
Define co operation
Helping that’s mutual where both benefits working together to achieve goals
Define conflict
A process in which individuals or groups perceive that others have taken stand incompatible with their own.
Define social embeddedness
A sense of knowing the reputation of other parties involved by knowing someone else who knows them
What are social dilemmas
Are situations in which Each person can increase their gains by acting in a selfish manner but if all do the same the outcomes experience by all are reduced.
What is the prisoner’s dilemma
Situation faced by 2 suspect where either or both co operate or compete. If both are quiet both get sentenced. If they compete against each other both still get a sentence but if one co operates and one competes one goes free and other sentenced
What is bargaining and what does it involve
Opposing sides exchange offers counter offers and concessions either directly or through representative.
Beginning with an extreme initial offer which is favourable to side proposing it
Attempting to convince otherside that one’s breakeven point is higher than that inorder to offer more than the case.
Convincing otherside that u can go elsewhere and get better terms
What are the 3 rules for fairness
Distributive justice involves outcomes we receive according to equity rule where rewards should be divided among members in accordance with their contribution.
Procedural justice based on extent to which the procedures are applied in same manner to all.there are opportunities for correcting errors in distribution and decision makers avoid being influenced by own self interest.
Transactional justice is the extent to which we are given clear and rational reasons for why rewards were divided as they were.
What is group polarisation
Where initial leaning or preference of group prior to discussions is strengthened during group deliberation.
Involves risky shift and social comparison which implies holding views better than other group members which are prototypical.
Involves fact that during group discussions most argument favour groups initial preference.
What is group think
The tendency for decision making group to close around a decision to assume group can’t be wrong with pressure from members supporting decision
What are emergent group norms
Norms suggesting group is infallible morally superior and no need to discuss decisions.
Define brainstorming
Process whereby people meet to generate ideas and assume more creative output will emerge
