Chapter 11 final exam questions

Question 1

The attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make them a unique individual are referred to as the person’s

Answer 1

Self concept

Question 2

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Answer 2

Begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers

Question 3

Two-year-old Chris “helps” his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a black oil streak
on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him into the bathroom to clean up.
Based on what you know about self-awareness in two-year-olds, what would you expect Chris
to do when he looks in the mirror?

Answer 3

Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek

Question 4

Self-awareness is usually well established by the age of

Answer 4

One years

Question 5

A three-year-old celebrating a birthday understands that she’s an older version of the same
person who had a birthday a year before. She is

Answer 5

Beginning to form self-awareness

Question 6

Who is most likely to recognize continuity in the self over time?

Answer 6

Parker, a two-year-old who is self-aware

Question 7

Between the ages of six and eight, children’s descriptions of themselves are likely to

Answer 7

Mention emotions and social groups to which they belong

Question 8

As children grow from preschoolers to adolescents, their self-concepts become

Answer 8

More elaborate and richer

Question 9

Abby is 6 years old while Sheena is 13 years old. Compared to Abby’s self-description,
Sheena’s self-description is likely to be

Answer 9

More abstract

Question 10

____ is defined as a person’s judgment and feelings about his or her own worth

Answer 10

Self-esteem

Question 11

Anne participates in a study in which she is asked how much statements such as “I’m very good
at schoolwork” and “I find it very easy to make friends” apply to her. The study involves
measuring

Answer 11

Self-esteem

Question 12

Children’s overall self-worth

Answer 12

Is, roughly, the average of their self-worth in specialized areas

Question 13

In the elementary-school years, what are the areas of self-esteem that stand out?

Answer 13

Scholastic competence, athletic competence, social competence, and physical
appearance

Question 14

Scholastic competence is measured by how

Answer 14

Competent or smart the child feels in doing schoolwork

Question 15

Which of the following most accurately describes a typical preschooler in terms of self-esteem?

Answer 15

Full of confidence

Question 15

Abilo is eager to try any sport and feels that he’s pretty good at most of them. Mason doesn’t
enjoy any sports, mainly because he doesn’t think he’s very good at them. Abilo’s and Mason’s
perceived competencies are different in the domain of

Answer 15

Athletic competence

Question 16

Which factor accounts for some of the decrease in self-esteem seen during the elementary
school years?

Answer 16

Children beginning to compare themselves with peers

Question 17

Young children’s descriptions of other people tend to focus on

Answer 17

Concrete traits

Question 18

As children mature, their descriptions of others

Answer 18

are more likely to include psychological traits

Question 19

In Selman’s stage of perspective-taking, children can step into another’s shoes and view
themselves as others do

Answer 19

Self-reflective

Question 20

Children with more advanced perspective-taking skills

Answer 20

are typically well-liked by their peers