Chapter 1 midterm questions Flashcards
The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that
Experience moulds each person into a unique individual
In child development science, an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development is referred to as a
Theory
States that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan
within the body
Maturational Theory
When a particular type of learning can take place only during a specific time period, not before or
after that period, there is a(n) ________ for learning that behaviour
Critical Period
Imprinting
Creating an emotional bond with the mother
Freud proposed that children develop in stages. In order, these stages are
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?
Operant conditioning
According to Bronfenbrenner, the people and objects in an individual’s immediate environment
represent the
Microsystem
A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called
Negative reinforcement
The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether
Early development is related to later development
The nature-nurture issue is concerned with
The roles that biology and environment play in development
Research measures that involve watching children’s unprompted behaviour in real-life settings are
referred to as
Naturalistic observations
The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as
Variables
Which of the following is a problem with the use of self-report?
Social desirability bias
The tendency to select socially acceptable answers is called
Response bias
A measure is ________ if the results are consistent over time
Reliable
________ refers to whether a measure really measures what it is intended to measure
Validity
In an experimental study, the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable
Independent variable
A researcher is interested in how the scores that children receive on a spelling test are affected by the
amount of food that they eat for lunch. The independent variable is
The amount of food eaten for lunch
The variable in an experiment that is observed to see if it changes when another variable is
manipulated is called the
Dependent variable
Yuri is interested in finding out whether exercise affects boys’ and girls’ performance on a memory
task. The dependent variable in this situation is
Memory performance
