Chapter 11 (continuation of 9-3) Flashcards
Which neuros are the main input to the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
autonomic sensory neurons
these neurons are associated with sensory receptors that monitor internal conditions, such as blood CO2 level or degree of stretching in the walls of internal organs or blood vessels:
autonomic sensory neurons
Unlike the somatic motor neuron that extends from the CNS all the way to the skeletal muscle fibers, most autonomic motor pathways consist of how may motor neurons?
two.
the first neurons of the autonomic motor pathways have their cell body in the CNS and it’s axon extends from the CNS as part of a cranial or spinal nerve to what?
autonomic ganglion
the second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway extends from the ganglion to where?
directly from the ganglion to the effector.
What tow things regulate the autonomic nervous system?
hypothalamus and brainstem
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
controls viscera: smooth and cardiac muscles, and sweat and digestive glands
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
what two neurotransmitters are released by the autonomic nervous system?
acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE)
the output (motor) part of the ANS has what two main branches?
sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
if most organs receive impulses from both sympathetic and and parasympathetic neurons, what is the term for that?
dual innervation
sympathetic and parasympathetic have opposite effects on each other. name some examples:
heart rate: S stimulates, P inhibits
Digestive organs: S inhibit, P stimulates
S: “fight or flight”, P: “rest and digest”
which viscera only receive from the Sympathetic and not the Parasympathetic nerves?
sweat glands, many blood vessels, and hair muscles
in the autonomic motor pathway, what are the two motor neurons
preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron
where does the postganglionic neuron lie?
entirely outside the CNS
the sympathetic division of the ANS is also called what?
thoracolumbar division, because the outflow of sympathetic neve impulses comes from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
the sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies where?
in the 12 thoracic and the firs two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
“T1-L2”
where do sympathetic trunk ganglia lie?
in two vertical rows, one on either side of the vertebral column.
most postganglionic axons emerging from the sympathetic trunk ganglia supply organs where?
supply organs above the diaphragm.
sympathetic ganglia that like anterior to the vertebral column and close to the carge abdominal arteries are called what?
prevertebral ganglia.
in general, postganglionic axons emerging from the prevertebral ganglia innervate organs where?
below the diaphragm
the prevertebral ganglia follow along 3 large abdominal arteries and are named what?
celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia.
what is another name for the parasympathetic division?
the craniosacral division. because the outflow of parasympathetic nerve impulses come from the cranial nerve nuclei and sacral segments of the spinal cord.
the cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the nuclei of which cranial nerves in the brain stem? and what sacral segments of the spinal cord?
III, VII, IX, and X.
S2, S3, and S4
parasympathetic preganglionic axons emerge from the CNS how?
from the CNS as part of a cranial nerve or anterior root of spinal nerve
which vagus nerves carries 80% of all P nerve impulses?
Vagus
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system cause precise, localized effects? which has widespread effects?
Parasympathetic: precise, localized effects
Sympathetic: widespread effects
Summarize the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
fight of flight:
increase heart rate, and BP
dilate pupils
dilate airways
dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver, and adipose tissue
constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs- skin, GI tract, kidneys
mobilize nutrients for energy: glucose and fats
Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic system
Rest and digest activities: SLUDD Salivation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defecation Decrease heart rate, airway diameter, pupil diameter
