Chapter 11 (continuation of 9-3)

Question 1

Which neuros are the main input to the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Answer 1

autonomic sensory neurons

Question 2

these neurons are associated with sensory receptors that monitor internal conditions, such as blood CO2 level or degree of stretching in the walls of internal organs or blood vessels:

Answer 2

autonomic sensory neurons

Question 3

Unlike the somatic motor neuron that extends from the CNS all the way to the skeletal muscle fibers, most autonomic motor pathways consist of how may motor neurons?

Answer 3

two.

Question 4

the first neurons of the autonomic motor pathways have their cell body in the CNS and it’s axon extends from the CNS as part of a cranial or spinal nerve to what?

Answer 4

autonomic ganglion

Question 5

the second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway extends from the ganglion to where?

Answer 5

directly from the ganglion to the effector.

Question 6

What tow things regulate the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 6

hypothalamus and brainstem

Question 7

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 7

controls viscera: smooth and cardiac muscles, and sweat and digestive glands

Question 8

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

what two neurotransmitters are released by the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE)

Question 10

the output (motor) part of the ANS has what two main branches?

Answer 10

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Question 11

if most organs receive impulses from both sympathetic and and parasympathetic neurons, what is the term for that?

Answer 11

dual innervation

Question 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic have opposite effects on each other. name some examples:

Answer 12

heart rate: S stimulates, P inhibits

Digestive organs: S inhibit, P stimulates

S: “fight or flight”, P: “rest and digest”

Question 13

which viscera only receive from the Sympathetic and not the Parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 13

sweat glands, many blood vessels, and hair muscles

Question 14

in the autonomic motor pathway, what are the two motor neurons

Answer 14

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

Question 15

where does the postganglionic neuron lie?

Answer 15

entirely outside the CNS

Question 16

the sympathetic division of the ANS is also called what?

Answer 16

thoracolumbar division, because the outflow of sympathetic neve impulses comes from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

Question 17

the sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies where?

Answer 17

in the 12 thoracic and the firs two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

“T1-L2”

Question 18

where do sympathetic trunk ganglia lie?

Answer 18

in two vertical rows, one on either side of the vertebral column.

Question 19

most postganglionic axons emerging from the sympathetic trunk ganglia supply organs where?

Answer 19

supply organs above the diaphragm.

Question 20

sympathetic ganglia that like anterior to the vertebral column and close to the carge abdominal arteries are called what?

Answer 20

prevertebral ganglia.

Question 21

in general, postganglionic axons emerging from the prevertebral ganglia innervate organs where?

Answer 21

below the diaphragm

Question 22

the prevertebral ganglia follow along 3 large abdominal arteries and are named what?

Answer 22

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

Question 23

what is another name for the parasympathetic division?

Answer 23

the craniosacral division. because the outflow of parasympathetic nerve impulses come from the cranial nerve nuclei and sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Question 24

the cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the nuclei of which cranial nerves in the brain stem? and what sacral segments of the spinal cord?

Answer 24

III, VII, IX, and X.

S2, S3, and S4

Question 25

parasympathetic preganglionic axons emerge from the CNS how?

Answer 25

from the CNS as part of a cranial nerve or anterior root of spinal nerve

Question 26

which vagus nerves carries 80% of all P nerve impulses?

Answer 26

Vagus

Question 27

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system cause precise, localized effects? which has widespread effects?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic: precise, localized effects

Sympathetic: widespread effects

Question 28

Summarize the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

fight of flight:
increase heart rate, and BP
dilate pupils
dilate airways
dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver, and adipose tissue
constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs- skin, GI tract, kidneys
mobilize nutrients for energy: glucose and fats

Question 29

Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic system

Answer 29

Rest and digest activities: 
SLUDD 
Salivation 
Lacrimation 
Urination 
Digestion 
Defecation
Decrease heart rate, airway diameter, pupil diameter