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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES > Chapter 11. Blood and Anemia > Flashcards

Chapter 11. Blood and Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Most common extracellular cation and anion.

A

Na

Cl

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2
Q

Precursor of erythrocytes.

A

Reticulocytes

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3
Q

Life of thrombocytes?

Erythrocytes?

A

7-10 days

120 days

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4
Q

Organ for erythropoietin synthesis.
RBCs are destroyed where?
Metabolic degradation of Hb.

A

kidney
spleen (graveyard of RBC)
reticuloendothelial (Endoplasmic reticulum)

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5
Q

Define:
Platelets
Leukocytes

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes) lack nuclei

Leukocytes (WBC) defined nuclei, about lymphocytes 30%, neutrophils 60% and monocytes 8%

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6
Q 
Basophils
Eosinophils 
Monocytes
B-lymph
T-lymph
A

Basophils- resp for infmm response
Eosinophils- defebse againts parasites
Monocytes- immune defense (precursor of tissue macrophage) big eaters
B-lymph -abody prod. (precursor of plasma cells)
T-lymph -cellular immune response

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7
Q

Test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia

A

Serum ferritin

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8
Q

In Microcytic anemia?

A

MCV MCHC and serum ferritin decreases

TIBC increases

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9
Q

Antidote for iron overdose

A

Deferoxamine

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10
Q

Among the iron salts, what has the highest GI absorption?

Highest elemental?

A

Ferrous gluconate

Ferrous fumarate 33%

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11
Q

Main source of Vit B 12

A

Meat and dairy products

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12
Q

Megaloblastic anemia. Deficiency and from what possible causes?

A

B12 or folate deficiency due to decreased of DNA syn. Causes chemotherapy, alcoholism and seniors.

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13
Q

Drugs that cause Megaloblastic anemia.

A

Acyclovir antiepileptics (carb, valp a) methotrexate nitrofurantoin OCP proguanil sulfasalazine trimethoprim

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14
Q

Pernicious anemia. What test:

  • to detect pernicious anemia that caused by deficiency of vitamin B12.
  • is used to diagnose deficiency of vitamin B12 caused by decreased vitamin B12 absorption (lack of intrinsic factor cause pernicious anemia
A

Deficiency of intrinsic factor that absorbs B12 in stomach/ileum

  • Schilling test
  • Urinary excretion test
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15
Q

Folic acid requirement.

A

200mcg daily
1mg therapy - in pregnancy start 1 mo before conception
Methotrexate- 5mg once a week
Carbamazepine 5mg daily

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16
Q

Hemolytic anemia.

A

-Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.

Defect gene/ abnormal hemoglobin , poor solubility of Hb semicrystalline bodies are formed that ruptures RBC.

17
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency hemolytic anemia.

A

enzyme G6PD necessary to maintain the reduced glutathione level in RBC, enzyme to prevent hemolysis.

18
Q

Test to distinguish G6PD deficiency anemia or immune mechanism? And examples of drugs that cause false positive.

A

Coombs test.

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Methyldopa

19
Q

Deficinecy of this enzyme leads to severe hemolytic anemia. Give examples of oxidant drugs that induce hemolytic anemia.

A

Sulfa, penicillins, primaquin

20
Q

Site of calcium reabsorption

A

Proximal convulated tubule

21
Q

An antioxidant that prevents oxidation of Hb to methemoglobin.

A

Glutathione

22
Q

Define Normocytic anemia. Give examples.

A

MCV is normal.

Due to acute hemorrhagic or RBC hemolysis. Hemolytic, sickle cell and thalassemia.

23
Q

Total or partial destruction of the bone marrow. Reduced RBC, WBC and platelets counts, inadequate production or release of myeloid stem cells.

A

Aplastic anemia

24
Q

Pharmacologic stimulation of RBC production using erythropoiesis stimulating agents such as?

A 
Epoeitin alpha (Eprex)
Darbepoetin alpha (Aranesp)
25
Q

These are small red/purple spots on skin or conjunctiva caused by broken capillary blood vessels.

A

Petechia

26
Q

The percentage of red blood cells to the blood volume is the? What does it mean?

A

Hematocrit (Hct): Packed cell volume

27
Q

Laboratory tests for iron deficiency anemia
-is not screening test for microcytic anemia, used for acute, chronic infections, malignancies, rheumatic factors, and seizures.

A

HgB, Hct, Serum Ferritin, Iron binding capacity

NOT: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

28
Q

The most accurate to screening iron deficient anemia is serum ferritin. Result and explain

A

= Decrease because serum ferritin is protein that stores iron.
-Serum ferritin is protein that stores iron. In case of iron deficiency, tissue absorbs water and dilutes iron stores thus decrease serum ferritin.

29
Q

A patient complains constipation and currently using iron supplements. What is correct recommendation?
I) Take with food
II) Take orange juice
III) Take plenty of water

A 
A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, III
30
Q
  • Pregnancy related anemia is due to?

- Common deficiency in pregnancy?

A
  • Deficiency of folic acid

- Iron

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (18 decks)

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