Chapter 11: Alexander the Great Flashcards
A Macedonian king (356–323 BCE) known for creating one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into India. He is famous for his military conquests and the spread of Greek culture, known as Hellenism.
Alexander the great
A battle in 334 BCE between Alexander and Persian Empire
First major battle of Alexander’s campaign against Persia, and he defeated the Persian forces, opening the path for his further conquests in Asia Minor
Battle of the Granicus
A Greek historian who accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns. He is known for recording the history of Alexander’s conquests
Callisthenes
The ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, located in modern-day Iran. It was captured and partially destroyed by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE during his conquest of Persia.
Persepolis
A battle fought in 326 BCE in modern-day Pakistan
Alexander the Great and King Porus of India
Alexander’s victory gave him control over the region and further expanded his empire into India
Battle of the Hydaspes
Last king of Achaemenid Empire
Darius II
The son of Parmenion, a prominent general under Alexander
Executed on charges of conspiracy against Alexander
Philotas
A general and trusted officer of Alexander the Great, served as regent of Macedon while Alexander was on campaign. He played a crucial role in consolidating Alexander’s empire after his death.
Antipater
A decisive battle fought in 333 BCE between Alexander the Great and King Darius III of Persia, near the town of Issus (modern-day Turkey). Alexander’s forces defeated the much larger Persian army, forcing Darius to flee.
Battle of Issus
An ancient legend associated with Gordium, the capital of Phrygia. The knot was said to be impossible to untie, and it was foretold that the person who untied it would rule Asia. Alexander the Great “solved” it by slicing it with his sword, symbolizing his destiny to conquer Asia.
Gordian knot
A Persian practice of showing respect to royalty, often by bowing or prostrating oneself before the king
Proskynesis
Also known as the Battle of Arbela, this 331 BCE battle was a decisive victory for Alexander the Great over King Darius III of Persia. It is one of Alexander’s most famous victories and led to the fall of the Persian Empire.
Battle of Gaugamela
A Persian nobleman and satrap (governor) who, after Darius III was defeated by Alexander, conspired to murder him and declared himself king of Persia. He was eventually captured by Alexander’s forces and executed.
Bessus
A Macedonian general who served under both Philip II and Alexander the Great. He played a key role in many of Alexander’s victories, but was executed after being implicated in a conspiracy against Alexander.
Permenion
A Persian princess and the wife of Alexander the Great. She was the daughter of the satrap Oxyartes and married Alexander in 327 BCE after his conquest of her region.
Roxane
