Chapter 11

Question 1

What are eating some eating disordered?

Answer 1

Self-Imposed starvation
Feast and Famine cycles
Binge eating
Purging
self-induced vomiting
laxatives 
diuretics

Regular consumption of nonfood substances such as paint chips and clay

Question 2

What are four types of disordered eating patters?

Answer 2

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
Pica
(EDNOS)
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified

Question 3

What is Anorexia ?

Answer 3

Extreme weight loss, poor body image, and irrational fears of wright gain and obesity

less then 1200 calories a day

Overwhelming desire to be thin drives people with anorexia nervosa to refuse to eat and to exercise intensely

Question 4

Symptoms of Anorexia are ?

Answer 4

Low heart rate or irregular heartbeat
Dry skin
low blood pressure
Osteoporosis
Infertility
Women irregular menstrual cycles
Men low testosterone diminished sex drive and impaired fertility

Question 5

Women

Answer 5

Ninety percent of people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are women

Question 6

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 6

Binge eating and then Purging

Question 7

Cause Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 7

Value placed on thinness in Western societies
Need to conform to society’s expectations of acceptable body weight and shape
Low self-esteem

Need to control some aspect of one’s life completely

One percent of adolescent and young women
0.3 percent of young males

Question 8

Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 8

Patient-centered and individualized care delivered in a hospital by a team of specialists
Prompt restoration of nutritional health and body weight
Psychological counseling to improve self-esteem and attitudes about body weight and shape
Medically supervised use of antidepressants or other medications, if required
Family therapy
Normalizing eating and exercise behaviors

Question 9

Bulima Nervosa?

Answer 9

1 to 3 percent of women and 0.5 percent of men in the United Stated
Characterized by recurrent episodes of rapid, uncontrolled eating of large amounts of food in a short period of time

Episodes of binge eating are followed by compensatory behaviors such as:
Self-induced vomiting
Dieting
Excessive exercise or misuse of laxatives

Question 10

Traits of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 10

Characteristics
Regular episodes of dieting and binge eating
Attempts to prevent weight gain by purging or using laxatives, diuretics, excessive exercise, or enemas
More common in athletes
Major changes in metabolism
Enlarged salivary glands
Eroded teeth due to vomiting of highly acidic foods

Question 11

Features of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 11

Feeling of loss of control over how much food is eaten
Overwhelming urges to overeat
Binge eating, or eating larger amounts of food than most people would in a similar situation in a short period of time, at least once a week for three months
Inappropriate use of vomiting, fasting, exercise, laxatives, or diuretics to compensate for food binges
A feeling of being ashamed of overeating and very fearful of gaining weight
Self-evaluation unduly influenced by body weight or shape

Question 12

Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 12

Break feast and famine cycles via nutrition and psychological counseling
Eat regular meals and snacks to reduce the urge to binge and the need to purge
Obtain psychological counseling to improve self-esteem and body image
Include antidepressant medication (in some cases)
Nearly all women with bulimia achieve partial recovery
One-third will relapse into binging and purging within seven years

Question 13

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 13

Characterized by periodic binge eating, which normally is not followed by vomiting or the use of laxatives

Question 14

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 14

Experienced by:
9 to 30 percent of people in weight-control programs
2 to 3.5 percent of U.S. adults
Prompted by stress, depression, anger, anxiety, and other negative emotions
This disorder runs in families
Genetic and environmental origins

Question 15

Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 15

Nutrition and therapy sessions focus on disordered eating and psychological issues
Attendees are asked to:
Record food intake
Indicate bingeing episodes
Identify thoughts and feelings and circumstances related to each eating event
Involves participation in nutrition counseling on mindful eating
Mindful eating approach: Paying attention to hunger and satiety cues, decreasing the pace of eating, and identifying triggers
Treatment is successful in 85 percent of women

Question 16

Nutrition and therapy sessions focus on disordered eating and psychological issues

Answer 16

Attendees are asked to:
Record food intake
Indicate bingeing episodes
Identify thoughts and feelings and circumstances related to each eating event
Involves participation in nutrition counseling on mindful eating
Mindful eating approach: Paying attention to hunger and satiety cues, decreasing the pace of eating, and identifying triggers
Treatment is successful in 85 percent of women

Question 17

Pica

Answer 17

Regular consumption of nonfood substances
Observed in many cultures since ancient times
Characteristics
Essential features: Regular ingestion of nonfood substances such as clay, paint chips, laundry starch, paste, plaster, dirt, or hair
Other common features: Occurs primarily in young children and pregnant women in the southern United States

Question 18

Geophagia

Answer 18

People who eat clay or dirt claim that it:
Tastes or smells good
Quells a craving
Helps relieve nausea or an upset stomach
Associated with:
Blockage of the intestinal tract
Results in parasitic and bacterial infections
Iron deficiency 
Sickle-cell anemia

Question 19

Pagophagia

Answer 19

Regular consumption of one or more trays of ice cubes per day
Closely associated with a deficiency of iron
Common during pregnancy

Question 20

Amylophagia

Answer 20

The sweet taste and crunchy texture of flaked laundry starch are attractive to a small number of women, especially during pregnancy
Associated problems include:
Reduced intake of nutrient-dense foods
Ingestion of contaminants present in starch

Question 21

Plumbism

Answer 21

Consuming lead-containing paint poses a major threat to the health of children
Lead poisoning causes mental retardation and death in young children
Approximately 2.6 percent of children aged 1 to 5 years in the United States have elevated blood lead levels

Question 22

Food Addiction

Answer 22

Applies to a strong desire for and binge eating of high-sugar or high-fat foods
Chocolate, fried foods, salty snack foods, sweets, ice cream, pizza, or desserts
It is unlikely that food addiction qualifies as a distinct eating disorder given what is currently known