(Chapter 1) Unit 7 How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

How much tissue,Taste cell ,cell lining, red blood cells, is replaced a day?

Answer 1

• Tissue 5 percent a day!
• intestinal tract are replaces every one three days
• Red blood cells turn over every 120 days

Question 2

How does Digestion work?

Answer 2

The mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body

Question 3

How does Absorption work?

Answer 3

The process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

are protein substances that speed up chemical reactions

-Found throughout the body but are present in particularly large amounts in the digestive system

Question 5

Carbohydrates , fats and proteins are all have their own sets of ?

Answer 5

Digestive enzymes

Question 6

Are there different types of enzymes; if so name a few types?

Answer 6

• Yes, a few
• sucrase
• lactase
• Maltase

Question 7

Starch”?

Answer 7

• Complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
• Cho =carbohydrates
• carbohydrates in our diet consist of starch, monosaccharides, and disaccharides

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Question 8

Disaccharides?

Answer 8

-Simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecule

Question 9

Sucrose?

Answer 9

(Table sugar) Comprises glucose and fructose

Question 10

Monosaccharides?

Answer 10

• Simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule

- Examples Glucose fructose and galactose

Question 11

Bile

Answer 11

-Yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and secreted into the small intestine

Question 12

Breaks down globs of fat entering the?

Answer 12

-small intestine to droplets

Question 13

Saliva?

Answer 13

-contains salivary amylase and lipase that begin to break down carbohydrates and lipids

Question 14

stomach?

Answer 14

• Food is liquefied, mixed with digestive juices, and is gradually released into the small intestine
• Solid food remains in the stomach for two to four hours
• Liquid foods pass through it in 20 minutes

Question 15

small intestine

Answer 15

• Liquefied food is mixed with digestive enzymes

- High-fiber food stimulates a higher level of intestinal muscle activity

Question 16

villi?

Answer 16

-line the inside of the intestinal wall and increase its surface area tremendously (FINGERLIKE)

Question 17

30 percent of alcohol consumed

Answer 17

-meals is absorbed in the stomach; the remainder is absorbed in the small intestine

Question 18

What are mainly absorbed by the large intestine?

Answer 18

-Water, sodium, and chloride

Question 19

Cells use nutrients directly for?

Answer 19

• Energy
• Body structures
• Regulation of body processes

Question 20

Glucose can be converted to?

Answer 20

-glycogen

Question 21

Cells convert nutrients into other substances?

Answer 21

-Fatty acids can be incorporated into cell membranes or used in the synthesis of certain hormones

Question 22

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 22

Regulation of digestion and absorption

• Prevention of infection and inflammation-related -disorders
• Fiber digestion
• Vitamin production
• Taste sensors: