Chapter 11 Flashcards
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
True breeding parents
Hybrid offspring
Offspring resulting from interbreeding of hybrid generation
Law of segregation
The two allele km a lair segregate from each other into different gametes during gamete formation
Test cross
Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Monohybrids
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to one gene
Dihybrids
Individuals heterozygous for two characters being followed
Law of independent assortment
Two or more genes assort independently, that is each pair of allele segregate independently of any other pair during gamers formation.
Multiplication rule
Multiple the probability of one event by the probability of the other event
Addition rule
The probability ilitt that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding individual probabilities.
Complete dominance
The phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominate homozygous are indistinguishable
Incomplete dominance
Phenotype of heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the individuals homozygous for with allele.
Ex: snap dragon
Co dominance
Two allele affect the phenotype in desperate, distinguishable ways.
Example of multiple alleles
Blood type
Pleiotropy
The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Ex: gene for flower colour also affects gene for seed colour
Epistasis
The phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus.
Quantitative characters
A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either or fashion.
Ex: skin colour, hair, height
