Chapter 10

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

A genes specific location along the length of a chromosome.

Question 3

Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

A single individual is the sole parents and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring. Gives rise to clones

Question 4

Sexual reproduction

Answer 4

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.

Question 5

Karyotype

Answer 5

Display of ordered chromosomes

Question 6

Autosomes

Answer 6

Non sex chromosomes

Question 7

Meiosis 1

Answer 7

First division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original

Question 8

Meiosis 2

Answer 8

Second division that results in 4 haploid gametes

Question 9

Crossing over and synapsis

Answer 9

Two members of a homologous pair associate along their length, aligned allele by allele. The DNA of a maternal and a partner chromatid are broken at matching points. Zipper like structure called synaptonemal complex forms during synapsis. DN breaks are closed up so that paternal chromatid is joined to piece of maternal.

Question 10

Chiasma

Answer 10

Combination of crossing over and sister chromatid cohesion along the arms results in the formation of chiasma - which holds homologs together.

Question 11

What 3 mechanisms contribute to genetic variation in sexual reproduction

Answer 11

1. Independent assortment (metaphase)
2. Crossing over (prophase 1)
3. Random fertilization

Question 12

Recombinant chromosomes

Answer 12

Individual chromosomes that carry genes from two different parents. (Average 1-3 crossing over events per human chromosome).

Question 13

Interkinesis

Answer 13

Like interphase but no replication between meiosis 1-2