Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the five unifying themes of biology?
Levels of organization
Transfer and transformation of energy and matter
Transmission of genetic information
Interactions between organisms and their environment
Evolution
What are the levels of organization?
Biosphere, ecosystem (living/nonliving), community (living), population (all members of species that can produce fertile offspring), organism, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule( two or more atoms held by covalent bond)
What is reductionism?
The study of components of a complex system ex: DNA structure
What is systems biology?
The study of complex processes ex: cellular division
What are emergent properties?
Are due o interactions between individual components and can only be studied in specific environments. Ex: photosynthesis can only work in organized chloroplast.
Or propertied belonging to a collection or a complex system but that individual parts do not have.
Def of evolution
The process of change over time that has resulted in astounding array of organisms found on Earth.
Eukaryotic cell
Type of cell with a membrane bound nucleus and enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells include: Protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Prokaryotic cell
Type of cell lacking a meme brand bound nucleus and organelles. Includes bacteria and Archea.
Simplified DNA replication
DNA segment is transcribed by mRNA. Then translated into a chain of amino acids. Proteins folded into proteins.
Genome
entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
Proteome
Entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells
Is energy ever lost?
No, it is simply changed into different forms
Climate change
Directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more.
What are the three domains
Bacteria: Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
Archea: Prokaryotes that live on Earths extreme environments
Eukarya: Inlcudes:
-Plantae: terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize
-Animalia: Multicellualr eukaryotes that ingest other organisms
-Fungi: Absorb nutrients outside their body
-Protista: Mostly unicellular eukaryotes that ingest or/photosynthesize.
What are Darwins essential observations?
- Individuals in a population vary in their traits, inheritable
- A population can produce more than can survive-competition
- Species are suited o their environments