Chapter 11

Question 1

The living portion of an ecosystem is called the abiotic component

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Bioremediation is an example of a service that an ecosystem can provide

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The ecological pyramids of most terrestrial systems have a minimum of five levels

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Simple ecosystems are less vulnerable to destruction compared to complex ecosystems

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The entire process of ecological succession requires up to 20 years to complete

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Carbon tends to be the limiting elemental nutrient in terrestrial systems

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Non-nitrogen-fixing terrestrial plants take up nitrogen mostly as NH4

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Tillage helps relate mineralized nitrogen in to the soil

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Deserts are never utilized for agriculture purposes

Answer 9

False

Question 10

One of the most common agroecosystems in the United States is the corn-soybean rotation

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Alfalfa can be a common component of an animal-base agroecosystem

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Modern agriculture has resulted in greatly accelerated rates of erosion

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Wetlands are no longer being drained in the United States

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Which of the following would be considered an abiotic factor of an ecosystem? 
       A. Fungi 
       B. Mosquitoes 
       C. Water
       D. Antelope

Answer 14

C. Water

Question 15

Which component is the start of every food chain? 
       A. Plants 
       B. Sun 
       C. Air 
       D. Animals

Answer 15

B. Sun

Question 16

In a food chain, an eagle would be an example of a: 
       A. Primary Producer
       B. Secondary Producer
       C. Primary Consumer 
       D. Secondary Consumer

Answer 16

D. Secondary Consumer

Question 17

In a food chain, a plant would be an example of a: 
       A. Primary Producer 
       B. Secondary Producer 
       C. Primary Consumer 
       D. Secondary Consumer

Answer 17

A. Primary Producer

Question 18

How much energy is generally transferred to each successive level of an ecological system? 
       A. 10 percent 
       B. 25 percent 
       C. 50 percent 
       D. 75 percent

Answer 18

A. 10 percent

Question 19

The chemical formula for atmoshperic nitrogen is: 
       A. NO3-
       B. N2O
       C. NH4+
       D.  N2

Answer 19

D. N2

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the pathways through which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to a usable form for plants? 
       A. Biological Fixation 
       B. Denitrification Fixation 
       C. Atmospheric Fixation 
       D. Industrial Fixation

Answer 20

B. Denitrification Fixation

Question 21

Which is the first product in industrial fixation? 
       A. N2 
       B. NH3 
       C. NO3-
       D. CO(NH2)2

Answer 21

B. NH3

Question 22

Performed by microbes the reverse of the immobilization process is called: 
       A. Fixation 
       B. Liberation 
       C. Mineralization 
       D. Volatilization

Answer 22

C. Mineralization

Question 23

The average percentage of nitrogen in the soil is in the range of:        
       A. 0 to 1 percent 
       B. 1 to 10 percent 
       C. 10 to 15 percent 
       D. 15 to 25 percent

Answer 23

B. 1 to 10 percent

Question 24

Which of the following biomes once occupied 80 percent of North and South America? 
       A. Tundra 
       B. Grasslands 
       C. Deserts 
       D. Forests

Answer 24

D. Forests

Question 25

``` Modern agriculture could also be called: A. Industrial Agriculture B. Conventional Agriculture C. High-input Agriculture D. All of the above are correct ```

Answer 25

D. All of the above are correct

Question 26

``` How much of the world's area is occupied by cultivated cropland and managed pastures A. 10 percent B. 20 percent C. 30 percent D. 40 percent ```

Answer 26

D. 40 percent

Question 27

One of the reasons of the Dust Bowl occurred was: A. People relied on potatoes as their only crop B. Wetland Drainage C. Tillage of an arid region prone to droughts D. Overuse of Pesticides

Answer 27

C. Tillage of an arid region prone to droughts

Question 28

The _______ is the largest ecosystem on Earth, ranging from the depths of the ocean to the tops of the tallest mountain

Answer 28

Biosphere

Question 29

An ecosystem modified to produce food, fiber or shelter is called an _______

Answer 29

agroecosystem

Question 30

The increasing concentration of chemicals at the highest levels of an ecological pyramid is an example of _______

Answer 30

Biological Magnitation

Question 31

The specific environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation and soil type to which is a species is adapted is called a _______

Answer 31

Niche

Question 32

In atmospheric fixation, the product of the reaction is the compound _______

Answer 32

Nitrate

Question 33

__________ is the process where nitrate and ammonium are converted to organic nitrogen by soil microbes, making the nitrogen unavailable to plants

Answer 33

Immobilization

Question 34

The part of the soil composted of lignin, waxes and carbon fractions resistant to decay is called ______

Answer 34

Humus

Question 35

The market-based approach to encourage the reduction of the amount of human-generated CO2 entering the atmosphere is called ________

Answer 35

Carbon Trading

Question 36

The process of converting carbon dioxide to organic compounds during photosynthesis is called ________

Answer 36

Carbon Fixation

Question 37

Low Diversity

Answer 37

Agroecosystem

Question 38

No Inputs

Answer 38

Natural Ecosystem

Question 39

No Management

Answer 39

Natural Ecosystem

Question 40

Some Nutrient Loss

Answer 40

Agroecosystem

Question 41

Natural Selection

Answer 41

Natural Ecosystem