Chapter 11 Flashcards
Adverse Selection
When some chooses between alternatives with incomplete information.
Moral Hazard
The problem of not knowing all actions an agent takes in a principle agent relationship
Australian Ballot
A Ballot in which all candidates for all offices are on one office.
Single Member District
An electorate that is allowed to elect only one representative from each district
Electoral College
The presidential electors that meet at state capitals to cast votes for president after popular vote
Gerrymandering
The rearrangements of voter districts to give one party an advantage over another.
Plurality Rule
A type of electoral system in which he who gains most votes wins
Majority Rule
A type of electoral system in which a candidate must win at least 51% or greater to win.
Proportional Representation
A multi-member district in which parties represent a percentage of a district corresponding to what percentage of votes won.
Duverger’s Law
Political Science Law that states ,a plurality-rule electoral systems tend to have two political parties
Referendum
A measure proposed or passed by a legislature that is referred to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection.
Initiative
A process by which citizens may petition to place policy on the ballot.
Recall
The removal of a public official by popular vote
Party Identification
An individuals attachment to a particular political party .
Based on issues, ideology, past experience, or upbringing.
Issue voting
An individuals propensity to select candidates or parties based on the extent ti which the individual agrees with one candidate more than others on specific issues.
“Prospective Voting
Voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate
Retrospective Voting
Voting based on the past performance of a candidate
Spatial Issue
An issue for which a range of possible options
or policies can be ordered.
Liberal to Conservative
Expensive to Least Expensive
Median-Voter Theorem
A proposition predicting that when policy options can be arrayed along a single dimension, majority rule will pick the policy most preferred by the voter whose ideal policy most preferred by the voter whose ideal policy is to the left of half of the voters and to the right of exactly half of voters.
A bell Curve
Valence Issue
An issue or aspect of a choice for which all voters prefer a higher value
Voters prefer honesty
Political Action Committee (PAC)
A private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns
