Chapter 11 Flashcards
Dangerous class
Poor, single, mentally ill, criminal, unemployed
Society for the Prevention of Pauperism
1817- New York, attacked brothels, taverns, and gambling parlors as well as moral training of “dangerous class”
Child savers
Influenced legislation allowing runaways or criminal offenders to be placed in specialized institutions
House of Reformation
Established in Boston-1826
Required to do work, run like prisons, separation by race and gender
Parens patrie
Duty of state to act on behalf of child and provide care and protection equivalent to a parent
Anthony Platt
Argued that child savers were galvanized by poor people and immigrants to preserve their own way of life
Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899
Established juvenile delinquency as a legal concept
Key provisions:
Separate court for delinquent and neglected children
Separate procedures for judging juveniles
Children separated from adults in courts and instutitions
Programs developed
Juvenile Justice Expanded
By 1917- Juvenile courts established in all but 3 states
By 1925- every jurisdiction in every state had a juvenile court
Paternalistic rather than adversarial
Verdicts based on preponderance of evidence
Important cases
Kent vs US- 1966- due process dealing with waiver and right to counsel
In re Gault- 1967- established due process constitutional rights
In re Winship- 1970- established “beyond a reasonable doubt” as standard of proof in delinquency hearings
McKeiver vs Pennsylvania- 1970- established that trial by jury is not a constitutional right
Breed vs Jones- 1970- double jeopardy
Juvenile Justice vs. Criminal Justice
Similarities-
Standard of proof, court processes, due process rights, probation services
Differences-
Punishment vs. Treatment, jury trial, language, organizational structure, age of offenders
