Chapter 1 Flashcards
First juvenile court established
1899
Cook County, IL
Eric Erikson
Ego identity- formed when a person develops a firm sense of who they are and what they stand for
Role diffusion- occurs when youths spread themselves too thin, experience personal uncertainty, and place themselves at the mercy of others
At-risk youth
Engage in dangerous conduct, including drug abuse, alcohol use, and precocious sexuality
Approximately 25% of the under 17 population
Problems facing American youth
Poverty, Health Problems, Family Problems, Substandard Living Conditions, Inadequate Education
Juvenile Delinquency
Criminal behavior as engaged in by a minor
Paternalistic Families
Father exercised complete control over his children
Poor Laws
Allowed for the appointment of overseers to place destitute or neglected children as servants to the affluent
Apprenticeship Movement
Children placed in the care of adults, trained in specific skills
Voluntary apprentices bound out by parents or guardians in exchange for a fee
Legal guardianship transferred to apprentice
Children served until age 21
Chancery Courts
Established to protect property rights, settle disputes
Welfare eventually extended to children
Parens Patrie
Role of the king as the father of the country
Child savers
Lobbied for separate legal status for children, led to the formation of the juvenile justice system
Delinquency and parens patrie
Delinquency a product of improper care at home
State should act in the “best interest of the child”
State should not punish, but give necessary care to control
Status offense
Conduct only illegal because of the offender’s age
Running away, truancy, under age drinking, incorrigibility, smoking
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevent Act (JJDPA)
Provides major source of federal funding for juvenile justice systems
States are required to remove status offenders from detention/lock up and provide better treatment for delinquents
