Chapter 10

Question 1

Marijuana

Answer 1

• Produced from cannabis sativa leaves
• Hashish- concentrated form made from unadulterated resin from female plant
• THC- main active ingredient, hallucinogen
• Most commonly used by teens
• Large amounts can cause distortions in auditory and visual perception, which cause hallucinations
• Not physically addictive, but can cause health problems

Question 2

Cocaine

Answer 2

• Alkaloid derivative of coca plant
• Considered a medical breakthrough until it’s addictive properties were determined
• Controlled by Food and Drug Act of 1906
• Most powerful natural stimulant, produces euphoria, restlessness and excitement

Question 3

Crack

Answer 3

• Processed street cocaine, involves using ammonia or baking soda to remove hydrochlorides to create a crystalline form that can be smoked
• Use has declined in recent years, heavy criminal penalties associated with use

Question 4

Heroin

Answer 4

• A narcotic that has the ability to produce insensibility and free the mind of emotion and anxiety
• Most commonly used narcotic in the US
• Produced from opium, dealers cut the drug with neutral substances
• Street heroin only 1 to 4 percent pure
• Most dangerous commonly abused street drug, users rapidly build a tolerance

Question 5

Alcohol

Answer 5

• Drug of choice for most teenagers
• May be a factor in nearly half of all murders, suicides, and accidental deaths
• Long term use linked to depression and physical ailments such as heart disease and cirrhosis of the liver

Question 6

PCP

Answer 6

Most widely used anesthetic, creates hallucinations and spaced out feelings that causes users to engage in violence

Question 7

Ecstacy

Answer 7

Most commonly used designer drug, derived from speed and meth, acts simultaneously as a stimulant and a hallucinogen

Question 8

Social disorganization

Answer 8

Ties drug abuse to poverty, social disorganization and hopelessness

Tied to factors such as racial prejudice, low self esteem, poor socioeconomic status, and harsh urban environments

Question 9

Peer Pressure

Answer 9

Adolescent drug abuse highly correlated with behaviors of friends, especially with weak parental supervision

Substance abusers seek out friends who engage in this behavior, leads to increased levels of abuse

Question 10

Family Factors

Answer 10

Drug abusers have a poor family life

Majority have had an unhappy childhood, including harsh punishment, and parental neglect

Question 11

Genetic Factors

Answer 11

Biological children of alcoholics reared by non alcoholics adoptive parents more often develop alcohol problems

Studies have shown the degree of concordance is twice as high among identical twins than fraternal

Question 12

Emotional Problems

Answer 12

Drugs help youth control or express unconscious needs

Introverted people may use drugs to escape from real or imagined feelings

Question 13

Rational Choice

Answer 13

Youth may use drugs to get high, relax, improve creativity, escape reality, or increase sexual responsiveness

Question 14

Problem Behavioral Syndrome

Answer 14

Substance abuse is one of many problem behaviors that begin early in life and remain throughout the life course
Youth who abuse drugs lack commitment to religious values, disdain education, and spend most of their time in peer activities

Question 15

Pathways to Drug Abuse

Answer 15

Generally believed that young people use alcohol as a gateway to other substances

Drug involvement begins with drinking at an early age, progresses to experimentation with marijuana, finally to using cocaine or heroin

Drinking with an adult present is a significant precursor of substance abuse and delinquency

Question 16

Drug Use and Delinquency

Answer 16

Crime may be an instrument of the drug trade

Violence erupts when rival gangs use weapons to settle differences

It is estimated that 35 to 40% of New York’s homicides are drug related

Drug users may be more willing to take risks

A typical rule- drug abuse appears to be a type of delinquent behavior rather than a cause of delinquency