Chapter 11

Question 1

Motor signals

Answer 1

Efferent
Goes to the body

Question 2

Sensory signals

Answer 2

Afferent
To brain

Question 3

This is part of the brain which plans what you are going to do, panning executive function

Answer 3

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 4

Organizing and preparing motor sequences

Answer 4

Premotor Cortex

Question 5

Commands ; and cordinates movement of the body, this has a map of different body parts

Answer 5

Motor Cortex

Question 6

________ corrects movement errors

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

___________ judges grasp forces

Answer 7

Basal Ganglia

Question 8

Where does producing movement start and end

Answer 8

Starts in the Cortex (CNS) and terminates in muscle fibers (PNS)

Question 9

Consulting loop is caused by ____________

Answer 9

Basal Ganglia
Refining movements
Initiating movements (Information from PSY 246)

Question 10

______________ is involved in repetetive movement

Answer 10

Striatum

Question 11

What is striatum made of

Answer 11

1. Putamen
2. Caudate nucleus

Question 12

____________ determines the strength for the movement ; how much force is required for a task

Answer 12

Globus Pallidus

Question 13

Praksinons is caused by __________ neurons in ___________

Answer 13

Dopaminergic
Substantia Nigra

Question 14

Hyperkinetic movements

Answer 14

Unwanted movements are initiated

Question 15

Hypokinetic Movements

Answer 15

Paerson cannot move or initiate movements

Question 16

Resting Tremor

Answer 16

Hyperkinetic Movement
Unwanted movements are initiated

Question 17

Huntingtons Disease

Answer 17

Erratic fuctioning : Cannot move precisely and accurately
Cognitive and Motor Decline (Dementia)

Question 18

How is Huntington caused

Answer 18

Genetics

Question 19

Rodent models of Parkinson’s use the neurotoxin ____________

Answer 19

MPTP

Question 20

presence of MPTP causes __________

Answer 20

Killing Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

Question 21

Axons of upper motor neurons descend to the brainstem via ____________

Answer 21

Internal capsule

Question 22

Corticobulbar tracts

Answer 22

Areas around your neck

Question 23

Corticospinal tracts

Answer 23

Areas that goes to the spine and to the rest of the body

Question 24

Is there a map of the body in cerebellum

True or False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Two main functions of Cerebellum

Answer 25

1. Timing and flow of movement sequences 2. Accuracy and error correction

Question 26

Where do corticobular tracts synapse?

Answer 26

Lower Motor neurons in the brainstem

Question 27

Where do corticispinal tracts go to

Answer 27

From cortex to lower motor neurons in spinal cord

Question 28

__________ moves limbs and digits on the bodys right side

Answer 28

Lateral Corticospinal tract

Question 29

_________ moves muscles at the bodys mid line

Answer 29

Anterior Corticospinal Tract

Question 30

Posterior root is __________

Answer 30

Sensory

Question 31

Anterior root is ______

Answer 31

Motor

Question 32

Anything that hits the skin is called ____________

Answer 32

Exteroceptive sense

Question 33

___________ is what the body is doing, awareness of where parts of the body is

Answer 33

Proprioception

Question 34

__________ is the internal organ, blood pressure

Answer 34

Interoceptive

Question 35

_________ receptors are closest to skin, allows for feeling of touch

Answer 35

Merkel

Question 36

___________ detect stretching of skin

Answer 36

Ruffini Corpuscles

Question 37

_____________ detect vibration

Answer 37

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 38

____________ sense something hot, cold or painful

Answer 38

Free nerve endings

Question 39

Areas of more sensitivity for Two point threshold have a high density of _____________

Answer 39

Merkel Receptors

Question 40

Free nerve endings sense ________ pain

Answer 40

Nociceptive

Question 41

____________ Responds to pleasant touch, has a emotional quality

Answer 41

CT mechanoreceptors

Question 42

3 Categories of pain

Answer 42

1. Nociceptive 2. Inflammatory 3. Neuropathic

Question 43

1. Nociceptive

Answer 43

By free nerve endings You cut your skin

Question 44

2. Inflammatory

Answer 44

Puffy Swelling, red Initial part of healing Comes with physical pain

Question 45

3. Neuropathic

Answer 45

Depper pain Pain in nerve pathways Feels like shooting electric signals Example: Pain experiencing when foot goes to sleep

Question 46

Two dimensions of pain

Answer 46

1. Affective 2. Discriminative

Question 47

1. Affective

Answer 47

Emotional aspect of pain Unpleasant

Question 48

2. Discriminative

Answer 48

You know from which body part the pain is coming from

Question 49

Pain pathway

Answer 49

pain - anteriorspinothalamic tract - Medial leminiscus - Thalamus

Question 50

Pain matrix

Answer 50

1. Parietal 2. Prefrontal 3. Limbic

Question 51

1. Parietal

Answer 51

Somasensory cortex

Question 52

2. Prefrontal

Answer 52

Psychological

Question 53

3. Limbic

Answer 53

Affective pain that comes from emotional aspects (amygdala

Question 54

Traditional theory of pain

Answer 54

Nocicieptors sense pain Pain is completely physiological U sense pain it hurts

Question 55

Problem with traditional theory

Answer 55

Does not explain placebo effect

Question 56

Gate Controled Theory __________ opens the gate

Answer 56

Nociceptors

Question 57

_______ closes the gate

Answer 57

Touch receptors

Question 58

Opening of gate by ________ causes _________

Answer 58

Nocicereceptors Pain

Question 59

Closing of gate by __________ causes _________

Answer 59

Mechanoreceptors Mechanical stress No sense of pain even if pain exists