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PSY 242 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Sound travels in _______

A

Waves

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2
Q

Amplitude of a wave

A

Height of the wave
How loud the sound is

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3
Q

Frequency of wave

A

The pitch

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4
Q

Higher frequency is precieved louder if it is _____

A

Not

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5
Q

________ plays less of a role in loudness

A

Frequency

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6
Q

Pure tones are simple ________ waves and are _________

A

Sine
Manufactured

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7
Q

Increased amplitude leads to increased ________

A

Volume

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8
Q

Complex tones are real because they are a ___________

A

Combination of sine waves

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9
Q

what is the most important sound wave in a complex tone ______________

A

Lowest frequency sine wave

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10
Q

What is fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency sine wave in a complex tone

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11
Q

In harmonics the second harmonic is ____ times the fundamental frequency

A

2

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12
Q

Three parts of the ear

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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13
Q

What does the outer ear include

A

Pinna
Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

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14
Q

What does the middle ear include

A

Ossicles

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15
Q

What does the inner ear include

A

Cochlea, eustachian tube and auditory nerve

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16
Q

Sound waves first enter the _______ and goes through the __________

A

Pinna ; Auditory canal

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17
Q

The auditory canal leads to the _________ where the sound is ___________

A

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
The tympanic membrane vibrates from the sound coming from the auditory canal

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18
Q

What’s up with the ossicles

A

the tympanic membranes vibrates and that makes the ossicles vibrate and that is transmitted to the inner ear

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19
Q

What does the cochlea do

A

It converts vibrations / sound waves to neural signal so it can be transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve

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20
Q

__________ repines to pressure changes which blocks airflow to ossicles

A

Eustrachian tube

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21
Q

Sound is propogated through _______ in outer and middle ear

A

air

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22
Q

The 3 bones of ossicles

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
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23
Q
  1. Malleus
A
  • Ossicle connected to the tympanic membrane
  • First to vibrate
24
Q
  1. Incus
A
  • Malleus is connected to incus
  • Vibrates and propogates vibration to stapes
  • Middle man
25
Q
  1. Stapes
A
  • Pounds against cochlea and transmits the sound wave to cochlea
26
Q

Stapes transmits sound to coachlea through the ____________

A

Oval window

27
Q

The base of cochlea contains the __________

A

Basilar membrane

28
Q

Base of the BM is tuned for

A

High frequencies

29
Q

Apex of the BM is tuned for

A

Low frequencies

30
Q

Bascillar membrane is like a _______ on water because coachlea is ________

A

Boat
Fluid

31
Q

Two kinds of hair cells

A
  1. Inner hair cells
  2. Outer hair cells
32
Q
  1. Inner hair cells
A

One layer
Critical for hearing

33
Q

Inner hair cells are the most critical for hearing

True or False

A

True

34
Q

Outer hair cells

A

Three layers
Have an assisting role in hearing
Amplifies the sound

35
Q

As we grow older which hair cells do you lose

A

Outer hair cells

36
Q

Type 1 auditory nerve fibres

A

Inner hair cells
Critical
Strong
Fast
Well myelinated

37
Q

Type 2 auditory fibres

A

Outer hair cells
Less important
Amplify sound
slower
less myelinated

38
Q

Different parts of the BM respond to ___________ frequencies

A

Different

39
Q

How does the BM respond to complex tones

A

Responds to each harmonic, even though we only precieve it as one

40
Q

Two types of Hearing problems

A
  1. Conductive Problems
  2. Sensorineural Problems
41
Q
  1. Conductive problems
A

Simple
Conduction of sound outside of cochlea could be due to too much pressure, wax, ripped ear drum
These problems were solvable

42
Q
  1. Sensorineural Problems
A

More serious problems in the cochlea
Dead hair cells
Basically auditory signals are not reaching the brain

43
Q

Azimuth

A

Left to right
Horizontal
Level of sound in any direction

44
Q

Elevation

A

Up or down
Sound from above or below, elevator

45
Q

Reverberation is high in ________

A

High rooms

46
Q

A lot of sound bouncing means there is more _________

A

Reverberation

47
Q

When you are hearing two sounds at the same time, the second sound has a delay so 2 sounds can be seperated. This is called __________

A

Precedence effect

48
Q

ITD

A

Time difference in sounds ( if it hits left or right first)

49
Q

ILD

A

Loudness difference in sounds (if the sound is close to one specific ear)

50
Q

if the sound is less than 500 hz we must use

A

ITD

51
Q

500hz or more

A

ILD

52
Q

For elevator (up or down sounds) we must rely on

A

Spectral shape (Shape of the ear)

Cannot rely on ILD or ITD

53
Q

Where do ITD’s synapse

A

Medial Superior Olives

54
Q

Where are ILD’s synapse

A

Loudness
Lareral Superior olives

55
Q

Inferior colliculus takes in information from _____ and _______

A

ITD and ILD

56
Q

Left and Right Auditory cortex works ________

A

Together

PSY 242 (5 decks)

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