Chapter 10

Question 1

Sound travels in _______

Answer 1

Waves

Question 2

Amplitude of a wave

Answer 2

Height of the wave
How loud the sound is

Question 3

Frequency of wave

Answer 3

The pitch

Question 4

Higher frequency is precieved louder if it is _____

Answer 4

Not

Question 5

________ plays less of a role in loudness

Answer 5

Frequency

Question 6

Pure tones are simple ________ waves and are _________

Answer 6

Sine
Manufactured

Question 7

Increased amplitude leads to increased ________

Answer 7

Volume

Question 8

Complex tones are real because they are a ___________

Answer 8

Combination of sine waves

Question 9

what is the most important sound wave in a complex tone ______________

Answer 9

Lowest frequency sine wave

Question 10

What is fundamental frequency

Answer 10

the lowest frequency sine wave in a complex tone

Question 11

In harmonics the second harmonic is ____ times the fundamental frequency

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Three parts of the ear

Answer 12

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

Question 13

What does the outer ear include

Answer 13

Pinna
Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Question 14

What does the middle ear include

Answer 14

Ossicles

Question 15

What does the inner ear include

Answer 15

Cochlea, eustachian tube and auditory nerve

Question 16

Sound waves first enter the _______ and goes through the __________

Answer 16

Pinna ; Auditory canal

Question 17

The auditory canal leads to the _________ where the sound is ___________

Answer 17

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
The tympanic membrane vibrates from the sound coming from the auditory canal

Question 18

What’s up with the ossicles

Answer 18

the tympanic membranes vibrates and that makes the ossicles vibrate and that is transmitted to the inner ear

Question 19

What does the cochlea do

Answer 19

It converts vibrations / sound waves to neural signal so it can be transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve

Question 20

__________ repines to pressure changes which blocks airflow to ossicles

Answer 20

Eustrachian tube

Question 21

Sound is propogated through _______ in outer and middle ear

Answer 21

air

Question 22

The 3 bones of ossicles

Answer 22

1. Malleus
2. Incus
3. Stapes

Question 23

1. Malleus

Answer 23

• Ossicle connected to the tympanic membrane
• First to vibrate

Question 24

2. Incus

Answer 24

• Malleus is connected to incus
• Vibrates and propogates vibration to stapes
• Middle man

Question 25

3. Stapes

Answer 25

- Pounds against cochlea and transmits the sound wave to cochlea

Question 26

Stapes transmits sound to coachlea through the ____________

Answer 26

Oval window

Question 27

The base of cochlea contains the __________

Answer 27

Basilar membrane

Question 28

Base of the BM is tuned for

Answer 28

High frequencies

Question 29

Apex of the BM is tuned for

Answer 29

Low frequencies

Question 30

Bascillar membrane is like a _______ on water because coachlea is ________

Answer 30

Boat Fluid

Question 31

Two kinds of hair cells

Answer 31

1. Inner hair cells 2. Outer hair cells

Question 32

1. Inner hair cells

Answer 32

One layer Critical for hearing

Question 33

Inner hair cells are the most critical for hearing True or False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Outer hair cells

Answer 34

Three layers Have an assisting role in hearing Amplifies the sound

Question 35

As we grow older which hair cells do you lose

Answer 35

Outer hair cells

Question 36

Type 1 auditory nerve fibres

Answer 36

Inner hair cells Critical Strong Fast Well myelinated

Question 37

Type 2 auditory fibres

Answer 37

Outer hair cells Less important Amplify sound slower less myelinated

Question 38

Different parts of the BM respond to ___________ frequencies

Answer 38

Different

Question 39

How does the BM respond to complex tones

Answer 39

Responds to each harmonic, even though we only precieve it as one

Question 40

Two types of Hearing problems

Answer 40

1. Conductive Problems 2. Sensorineural Problems

Question 41

1. Conductive problems

Answer 41

Simple Conduction of sound outside of cochlea could be due to too much pressure, wax, ripped ear drum These problems were solvable

Question 42

2. Sensorineural Problems

Answer 42

More serious problems in the cochlea Dead hair cells Basically auditory signals are not reaching the brain

Question 43

Azimuth

Answer 43

Left to right Horizontal Level of sound in any direction

Question 44

Elevation

Answer 44

Up or down Sound from above or below, elevator

Question 45

Reverberation is high in ________

Answer 45

High rooms

Question 46

A lot of sound bouncing means there is more _________

Answer 46

Reverberation

Question 47

When you are hearing two sounds at the same time, the second sound has a delay so 2 sounds can be seperated. This is called __________

Answer 47

Precedence effect

Question 48

ITD

Answer 48

Time difference in sounds ( if it hits left or right first)

Question 49

ILD

Answer 49

Loudness difference in sounds (if the sound is close to one specific ear)

Question 50

if the sound is less than 500 hz we must use

Answer 50

ITD

Question 51

500hz or more

Answer 51

ILD

Question 52

For elevator (up or down sounds) we must rely on

Answer 52

Spectral shape (Shape of the ear) Cannot rely on ILD or ITD

Question 53

Where do ITD's synapse

Answer 53

Medial Superior Olives

Question 54

Where are ILD's synapse

Answer 54

Loudness Lareral Superior olives

Question 55

Inferior colliculus takes in information from _____ and _______

Answer 55

ITD and ILD

Question 56

Left and Right Auditory cortex works ________

Answer 56

Together