C11 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(29 cards)
define empirical formula
simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in compound.
What is substitution reaction?
atoms/group of atoms replaced by diff atom or group of atoms.
Define curly arrows
Shows movement of electron pairs when bonds being broken/made.
What is addition reaction?
2 reactants join to form 1 product
What is elimination reaction?
Involves removal of small molecule from larger one.
1 reactant form 2 products (not always)
What is homolytic fission?
CB breaks, each of bonded atoms take 1 of shared pair of electrons from bond.
Form radicals
Define radical.
atom/groups of atom with an unpaired electron.
What is heterolytic fission?
CB breaks, 1 of bonded atoms take BOTH of electrons from bond.
Form neg & pos ions.
What is alicyclic HC
ring structures with/without branches.
What is an aliphatic HC?
unbranched/unbranched/non-aromatic rings
What is an aromatic HC?
benzene ring.
What are 3 homologous series of aliphatic HCs should be aware of?
Alkanes = only C-C
Alkenes = at least 1 C=C
Alkynes = at least 1 carbon-carbon triple bond
What is names used to name 1st 10 alkanes/alkenes?
1) meth-
2) eth-
3) prop-
4) but-
5) pent-
6) hex-
7) hept-
8) oct-
9) non-
10) dec-
Define homologous series
family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by addition of a CH2- group
Define hydrocarbon
Compound containing C + H only
What does saturated mean
Single bonds only
What does unsaturated mean
Contains C-C multiple bonds
Define functional group
Part of organic molecule that’s responsible for its chemical reactions
Reasons why C forms a large number of compounds
Forms single, double and triple bonds to other C atoms
C can form chains of C atoms
C forms bonds to other atoms e.g. O,N and halogens
General formula of alkanes
CnH2n+2
General formula of alkenes
CnH2n
General formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
General formula of carboxylic acids
CnH2nO2
General formula of ketones
CnH2nO