C11 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

define empirical formula

Answer 1

simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in compound.

Question 2

What is substitution reaction?

Answer 2

atoms/group of atoms replaced by diff atom or group of atoms.

Question 3

Define curly arrows

Answer 3

Shows movement of electron pairs when bonds being broken/made.

Question 4

What is addition reaction?

Answer 4

2 reactants join to form 1 product

Question 5

What is elimination reaction?

Answer 5

Involves removal of small molecule from larger one.

1 reactant form 2 products (not always)

Question 6

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 6

CB breaks, each of bonded atoms take 1 of shared pair of electrons from bond.

Form radicals

Question 7

Define radical.

Answer 7

atom/groups of atom with an unpaired electron.

Question 8

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 8

CB breaks, 1 of bonded atoms take BOTH of electrons from bond.

Form neg & pos ions.

Question 9

What is alicyclic HC

Answer 9

ring structures with/without branches.

Question 10

What is an aliphatic HC?

Answer 10

unbranched/unbranched/non-aromatic rings

Question 11

What is an aromatic HC?

Answer 11

benzene ring.

Question 12

What are 3 homologous series of aliphatic HCs should be aware of?

Answer 12

Alkanes = only C-C

Alkenes = at least 1 C=C

Alkynes = at least 1 carbon-carbon triple bond

Question 13

What is names used to name 1st 10 alkanes/alkenes?

Answer 13

1) meth-
2) eth-
3) prop-
4) but-
5) pent-
6) hex-
7) hept-
8) oct-
9) non-
10) dec-

Question 14

Define homologous series

Answer 14

family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by addition of a CH2- group

Question 15

Define hydrocarbon

Answer 15

Compound containing C + H only

Question 16

What does saturated mean

Answer 16

Single bonds only

Question 17

What does unsaturated mean

Answer 17

Contains C-C multiple bonds

Question 18

Define functional group

Answer 18

Part of organic molecule that’s responsible for its chemical reactions

Question 19

Reasons why C forms a large number of compounds

Answer 19

Forms single, double and triple bonds to other C atoms

C can form chains of C atoms

C forms bonds to other atoms e.g. O,N and halogens

Question 20

General formula of alkanes

Answer 20

CnH2n+2

Question 21

General formula of alkenes

Answer 21

CnH2n

Question 22

General formula of alcohols

Answer 22

CnH2n+1OH

Question 23

General formula of carboxylic acids

Answer 23

CnH2nO2

Question 24

General formula of ketones

Answer 24

CnH2nO

Question 25

Define structural isomer

Answer 25

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 26

Define fish-hook arrow

Answer 26

Shows movement of single, unpaired electron in mechanisms involving radicals.

Question 27

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed

Answer 27

Alkyl groups can be in different places Functional groups can be bonded to different parts There can be different functional groups

Question 28

Define stereoisomers

Answer 28

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 29

How is CB formed from 2 radicals

Answer 29

radicals collide and electrons are involved bond formation