C11 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

define empirical formula

A

simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in compound.

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2
Q

What is substitution reaction?

A

atoms/group of atoms replaced by diff atom or group of atoms.

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3
Q

Define curly arrows

A

Shows movement of electron pairs when bonds being broken/made.

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4
Q

What is addition reaction?

A

2 reactants join to form 1 product

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5
Q

What is elimination reaction?

A

Involves removal of small molecule from larger one.

1 reactant form 2 products (not always)

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6
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

CB breaks, each of bonded atoms take 1 of shared pair of electrons from bond.

Form radicals

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7
Q

Define radical.

A

atom/groups of atom with an unpaired electron.

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8
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

CB breaks, 1 of bonded atoms take BOTH of electrons from bond.

Form neg & pos ions.

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9
Q

What is alicyclic HC

A

ring structures with/without branches.

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10
Q

What is an aliphatic HC?

A

unbranched/unbranched/non-aromatic rings

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11
Q

What is an aromatic HC?

A

benzene ring.

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12
Q

What are 3 homologous series of aliphatic HCs should be aware of?

A

Alkanes = only C-C

Alkenes = at least 1 C=C

Alkynes = at least 1 carbon-carbon triple bond

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13
Q

What is names used to name 1st 10 alkanes/alkenes?

A

1) meth-
2) eth-
3) prop-
4) but-
5) pent-
6) hex-
7) hept-
8) oct-
9) non-
10) dec-

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14
Q

Define homologous series

A

family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by addition of a CH2- group

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15
Q

Define hydrocarbon

A

Compound containing C + H only

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16
Q

What does saturated mean

A

Single bonds only

17
Q

What does unsaturated mean

A

Contains C-C multiple bonds

18
Q

Define functional group

A

Part of organic molecule that’s responsible for its chemical reactions

19
Q

Reasons why C forms a large number of compounds

A

Forms single, double and triple bonds to other C atoms

C can form chains of C atoms

C forms bonds to other atoms e.g. O,N and halogens

20
Q

General formula of alkanes

21
Q

General formula of alkenes

22
Q

General formula of alcohols

23
Q

General formula of carboxylic acids

24
Q

General formula of ketones

25
Define structural isomer
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
26
Define fish-hook arrow
Shows movement of single, unpaired electron in mechanisms involving radicals.
27
What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed
Alkyl groups can be in different places Functional groups can be bonded to different parts There can be different functional groups
28
Define stereoisomers
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space
29
How is CB formed from 2 radicals
radicals collide and electrons are involved bond formation