Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is the definition of empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound.
What is a substitution reaction?
An atoms/group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.
Definition of curly arrows
Show movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made.
What is an addition reaction?
2 reactants join to form 1 product
What is an elimination reaction?
Involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one.
1 reactant form 2 products (not always)
What is homolytic fission?
CB breaks, each of bonded atoms take 1 of shared pair of electrons from bond.
Form radicals
Definition of radical.
An atom/groups of atom with an unpaired electron.
What is heterolytic fission?
CB breaks, 1 of bonded atoms take BOTH of electrons from bond.
Forms neg and pos ions.
Name the 2 types of bond fission.
Heterolytic and homolytic fission
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
C atoms joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures , with/without branches.
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched (straight), or unbranched or non-aromatic rings.
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.
What are the 3 homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons you should be aware of?
Alkanes = only C-C
Alkenes = at least 1 C=C
Alkynes = at least 1 carbon-carbon triple bond
What is the names used to name the 1st 10 alkanes/alkenes?
1) meth-
2) eth-
3) prop-
4) but-
5) pent-
6) hex-
7) hept-
8) oct-
9) non-
10) dec-
What are the 3 names that hydrocarbons can be classified as?
Aliphatic
Alicyclic
Aromatic
