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A - Level Chemistry > C4 Acids And Redox > Flashcards

C4 Acids And Redox Flashcards

1
Q

Which base is used to treat acid ingestion

A

Magnesium hydroxide

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2
Q

How are ammonium salts formed

A

When acid reacts with aqueous ammonia

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3
Q

What do acids do when dissolved in water

A

Release H+

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4
Q

What is a strong acid

A

Completely dissociates in aq to release all its H+

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5
Q

Why is a reversible arrow used to show the dissociation of a weak acid

A

The forward reaction is incomplete

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6
Q

What is a weak acid

A

Partially dissociates in aq to releases H+

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7
Q

What is a strong base

A

Base that dissociates 100% in water

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8
Q

What is a salt

A

The product of a reaction in which the H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.

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9
Q

What is an alkali

A

Soluble base that dissociates in aq to release OH-

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10
Q

What is a base

A

An insoluble compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt.

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11
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide/oxide

A

Salt + water

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12
Q

Acid + alkali

A

Salt + water

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13
Q

Acid + carbonate

A

Salt + CO2 + H2O

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14
Q

What is titration

A

Used to accurately measure vol of 1 solution that reacts exactly with another solution

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15
Q

What can titrations be used for

A

Finding conc of solution

Identification of unknown chemicals

Finding purity of a substance

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16
Q

What’s a standard solution

A

A solution of known concentration

17
Q

Method to prepare a standard solution

A

Weigh (s) accurately

Dissolve (s) in beaker using less distilled water than need to fill volumetric flask to the mark

Transfer this to volumetric flask, and rinse last traces of solution into flask with distilled water

Carefully fill flask to graduation line by adding distilled water drop wise until the bottom of the meniscus lines up exactly with the mark.

View graduation mark and meniscus at eye level for accuracy

Invert volumetric flask several times to mix solution thoroughly - this stage is important to keep titration results consistent

18
Q

Method for acid-base titration

A

Add measured vol of 1 solution to conical flask using pipette

Add other solution to burette + record initial burette reading to nearest 0.05cm^3

Add few drops of indicator to solution in conical flask

Run solution in burette into solution in conical flask
swirling conical flask throughout to mix two solutions.

Eventually indicator changes colour at end point of titration.

end point used to indicate vol of 1 solution that exactly reacts with the vol of 2nd solution.

Record final burette reading.

vol of solution added from burette is called
titre, calculated by subtracting initial from final burette reading.

quick, trial titration carried out 1st to find approx titre.

titration then repeated accurately, adding solution dropwise as end point is approached.

Further titrations carried out until 2 accurate titres are concordant - agreeing to within 0.10 cm3

19
Q

What is an oxidation number

A

Number of electrons an atom uses to bond with any other atom

20
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxides

A

-1

E.g. H2O2

21
Q

What is the oxidation number of uncombined elements

A

0

22
Q

What is the oxidation number of a simple ion

A

Charge on the ion

23
Q

When an element has more than 1 stable oxidation number how is it indicated

A

Written as a roman numeral

24
Q

What’s the oxidation number of Fe in iron (III) chloride

A

+3

25
Q

What are oxyanions

A

Negative ions that have an element along with oxygen

26
Q

Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer and oxidation number

A

Loss of elctrons

Increase in oxidation number

27
Q

Define reduction in terms of electron transfer and oxidation number

A

Gain electrons

Decrease in oxidation number

28
Q

What is a redox reaction

A

Reaction in which both oxidation and reduction takes place

29
Q

Is the sign in oxidation number placed after or before the number

A

Before the number

E.g. -2 , +1 , +3

30
Q

What’s the oxidation number of oxygen in metal hydrides

A

-1

E.g. NaH , CaH2

31
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen bonded to fluorine

A

E.g. F2O

+2

32
Q

What does a roman numeral show

A

Shows oxidation state of the element, without a sign

E.g. iron(II) = Fe +2
iron (III) = Fe +3

33
Q

Oxidation number of N in nitrite

A

NO2^-

+3

Nitrate(III) = modern name

34
Q

Oxidation number of N in nitrate

A

NO3^-

+5

Nitrate(V) = modern name

35
Q

Metal + acid

A

Salt + hydrogen

36
Q

What does the sum of oxidation numbers equal

A

Total charge

A - Level Chemistry (31 decks)

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