C5 Electrons And Bonding

Question 1

What are shells regarded as

Answer 1

Energy levels

Question 2

What is the principle quantum number n

Answer 2

Shell number or energy level number

Question 3

What is the formula for the maximum number of electrons in a shell n

Answer 3

2n^2

Question 4

What are shells made up of

Answer 4

Atomic orbitals

Question 5

What is an atomic orbital

Answer 5

A regional around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins

Question 6

How many electrons can an orbital hold

Answer 6

1 or 2 electrons but no more

Question 7

What are the different types of orbitals

Answer 7

S-

P-

D-

F-

Question 8

Do the orbitals have the same shapes

Answer 8

No

They each have different shapes

Question 9

What is a shell

Answer 9

A group of orbitals with the same principle quantum number

Question 10

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold

Answer 11

8

Question 12

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

Answer 12

18

Question 13

How many electrons can the 4th shell hold

Answer 13

32

Question 14

What’s the shape of an s-orbital

Answer 14

Spherical

Question 15

What’s the shape of a p-orbital

Answer 15

Dumb-bell shape

Question 16

How many orbitals are found in a s-sub shell

Answer 16

1

Question 17

How many electrons can be held in a s-subshell

Answer 17

2

Question 18

How many orbitals does p-sub shell have

Answer 18

3

Question 19

How many electrons can be held in a p-subshell

Answer 19

6

Question 20

How many orbitals are present in a D sub shell

Answer 20

5

Question 21

How many electrons can be held in a d sub shell

Answer 21

10

Question 22

How many orbitals are found in a F sub shell

Answer 22

7

Question 23

How many electrons can fill F sub shell

Answer 23

14

Question 24

What are the rules by which electrons are arranged in the shell

Answer 24

Electrons are added 1 at a time

Lowest available energy level is filled first

Each energy level must be filled before the next one can fill

Each orbital is filled singly before pairing

4s is filled before 3d

Question 25

Why does 4s orbital fill before 3d orbital

Answer 25

4s orbital has a lower energy than 3d before its filled

Question 26

Whats an ionic bond

Answer 26

Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 27

Why does giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when (l) but not when (s)

Answer 27

When (s) ions fixed in place - cannot move When (l) ions are mobile - freely carry charge

Question 28

What’s a metallic bond

Answer 28

Electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 29

Why do giant metallic lattices have high MPs & BPs

Answer 29

Large amount of energy required to overcome strong metallic bonds

Question 30

In what type of solvents do ionic lattices dissolve

Answer 30

Polar solvents E.g.water

Question 31

Why are ionic compounds soluble in water

Answer 31

Water has polar bond Delta pos of H attracted and delta neg of O can attract ions

Question 32

How many covalent bonds does a carbon form

Answer 32

4

Question 33

How many covalent bonds does oxygen form

Answer 33

2

Question 34

What’s a dative covalent bond

Answer 34

Bond where both of shared electrons are supplied by one atom

Question 35

What does expansion of the octet mean

Answer 35

When a bonded atom has more than 8 electrons in the outer shell

Question 36

What are the 2 types of covalent structure

Answer 36

Simple molecular lattice Giant covalent lattice

Question 37

Why do simple molecular structures have low MPs & BPs

Answer 37

Small amount of energy is enough to overcome the intermolecular forces

Question 38

Can simple molecular structures conduct electricity and why

Answer 38

No They’re non-conductors They have no free charged particles to move around

Question 39

In that type of solvents do simple molecular structures dissolve in

Answer 39

Non-polar solvents

Question 40

Examples of giant covalent structures

Answer 40

Diamond Graphite Silicon dioxide, SiO2

Question 41

Properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 41

High MPs & BPs Non-conductors of electricity, except graphite Insoluble in polar & non-polar solvents

Question 42

How does graphite conduct electricity

Answer 42

Delocalised electrons present between layers are able to move freely carrying charge

Question 43

Why do giant covalent structures have high MPs & BPs

Answer 43

Strong CBs within molecules need to be broken which requires a lot of energy

Question 44

Describe the structure of a diamond

Answer 44

3D tetrahedral structure of C atoms With each C atoms bonded to 4 others

Question 45

By how many degrees does each lone pair reduce bond angle

Answer 45

2.5*

Question 46

What does it mean when the bond is non-polar

Answer 46

Electrons in bond are evenly distributed

Question 47

What’s the most electronegative element

Answer 47

Fluorine

Question 48

What’s the strongest type of IMF

Answer 48

Hydrogen bonding