C2 Atoms, Ions, And Compounds Flashcards
What’s the relative mass of a proton
1
What’s the relative mass of a neutron
1
What’s the relative mass of a electron
1/1836 or 1/2000
What’s the relative charge of a proton
1+
What’s the relative charge of a neutron
0
What’s the relative charge of a electron
1-
Define isotope
Atoms of same element with same number of electrons and protons, but different numbers of neutrons and different masses
What’s the mass number
Number of protons + number of neutrons
What’s the atomic number
Number of protons
What’s an ion
A charged atom
Define relative isotopic mass
Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12
Define relative atomic mass
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12
What’s a binary compound
Contains 2 elements only
What’s a polyatomic ion
An ion that contains more than 1 element bonded. together
What’s a diatomic molecule
2 of the same atoms bonded together e.g. 02,C12
What’s a formula unit
In ionic compounds, the formula worked out from the ionic charges that are used in equations
Ammonium ion
NH4+
Hydroxide ion
OH-
Nitrate ion
NO3-
Nitrite ion
NO2-
Hydrogen carbonate ion
HCO3-
Manganate(VII)(permanganate) ion
MnO4-
Carbonate ion
CO3^2-
Sulfate ion
SO4^2-
Sulfite ion
SO3^2-
Dichromate(VI) ion
CrO7^2-
Phosphate ion
PO4^3-
What was stated in Daltons atomic theory
Atoms are tiny particles made of elements
Atoms can’t be divided
All atoms in a element are same
Atoms of 1 element are diff to those of other elements
What did Thompson discover about electrons
have negative charge
Can be deflected by magnet and electric field
Have very small mass
Explain plum pudding model
Atoms are made up of negative electrons owing around in a sea of positive charge
What were Rutherford proposal after the gold leaf experiment
Most of mass & positive charge of atom are in nucleus
Electrons orbit nucleus
Most of atoms volume is space between nucleus and electrons
Overall pos and neg charges must balance
Explain current model of atom
Protons and neutrons found in nucleus
Electrons orbit in shells
Nucleus is tiny compared to total volume of atom
Most of atoms mass is in nucleus
Most of atom is empty space between nucleus and electrons
Which 2 particles make up most of atoms mass
Protons and neutrons
Why does diff isotopes of same element react in same way
Neutrons have no impact on chemical reactivity
Reactions involve electrons, isotopes have same number of electrons in same arrangement
The relative isotopic mass is the same as which number
Mass number
What 2 assumptions are made when calculating mass number
Contribution of electron is neglected
Mass of both neutron and proton is taken as 1.0u
What are molecular ions
Covalently bonded atoms that lose or gain electrons
Which are 4 elements that don’t teemed to form ions and why
Beryllium, boron, carbon and silicon
Requires a lot of energy to transfer outer shell electrons
How does a mass spectrometer work
Sample made into positive ions
They pass through apparatus & are separated according to mass to charge ratio
Computer analyses data and produces mass spectrum
What are the uses of mass spectrometry
Identify unknown compounds
Find relative abundance of each isotope of an element
Determine structural information
State differences between isotopes of same element
Diff number of neutrons
Diff atomic masses / mass numbers
Diff physical properties
State similarities and differences between atomic structure of isotope of same element
Same number of protons & electrons
Diff number of neutrons
Example question =
Different isotopes of antimony have the same chemical properties. Explain why.
Same number of electrons in outer shell
Same electron configuration / electron structure
