C2 Atoms, Ions, And Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the relative mass of a proton

A

1

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2
Q

What’s the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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3
Q

What’s the relative mass of a electron

A

1/1836 or 1/2000

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4
Q

What’s the relative charge of a proton

A

1+

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5
Q

What’s the relative charge of a neutron

A

0

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6
Q

What’s the relative charge of a electron

A

1-

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7
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of same element with same number of electrons and protons, but different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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8
Q

What’s the mass number

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

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9
Q

What’s the atomic number

A

Number of protons

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10
Q

What’s an ion

A

A charged atom

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11
Q

Define relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12

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12
Q

Define relative atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12

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13
Q

What’s a binary compound

A

Contains 2 elements only

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14
Q

What’s a polyatomic ion

A

An ion that contains more than 1 element bonded. together

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15
Q

What’s a diatomic molecule

A

2 of the same atoms bonded together e.g. 02,C12

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16
Q

What’s a formula unit

A

In ionic compounds, the formula worked out from the ionic charges that are used in equations

17
Q

Ammonium ion

18
Q

Hydroxide ion

19
Q

Nitrate ion

20
Q

Nitrite ion

21
Q

Hydrogen carbonate ion

22
Q

Manganate(VII)(permanganate) ion

23
Q

Carbonate ion

24
Q

Sulfate ion

25
Sulfite ion
SO3^2-
26
Dichromate(VI) ion
CrO7^2-
27
Phosphate ion
PO4^3-
28
Explain current model of atom
Protons and neutrons found in nucleus Electrons orbit in shells Nucleus is tiny compared to total volume of atom Most of atoms mass is in nucleus Most of atom is empty space between nucleus and electrons
29
Which 2 particles make up most of atoms mass
Protons and neutrons
30
Why does diff isotopes of same element react in same way
Neutrons have no impact on chemical reactivity Reactions involve electrons, isotopes have same number of electrons in same arrangement
31
The relative isotopic mass is the same as which number
Mass number
32
What 2 assumptions are made when calculating mass number
Contribution of electron is neglected Mass of both neutron and proton is taken as 1.0u
33
What are molecular ions
Covalently bonded atoms that lose or gain electrons
34
Which are 4 elements that don’t tend to form ions and why
Beryllium, boron, carbon and silicon Requires a lot of energy to transfer outer shell electrons
35
How does a mass spectrometer work
Sample made into positive ions They pass through apparatus & are separated according to mass to charge ratio Computer analyses data and produces mass spectrum
36
What are the uses of mass spectrometry
Identify unknown compounds Find relative abundance of each isotope of an element Determine structural information
37
State differences between isotopes of same element
Diff number of neutrons Diff atomic masses / mass numbers Diff physical properties
38
State similarities and differences between atomic structure of isotope of same element
Same number of protons & electrons Diff number of neutrons
39
Example question = Different isotopes of antimony have the same chemical properties. Explain why.
Same number of electrons in outer shell Same electron configuration / electron structure