Chapter 11 Flashcards
Anorexia Nervosa DSM Criteria
- Restriction of behaviors that promote healthy body weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Distorted body image or sense of body shape
2 subtypes of anorexia
- Restricting type, severely limiting food intake
2. Binge eating type, occasionally eating a lot but then vomiting it out
Bulimia Nervosa DSM Criteria
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
- Body shape and weight are extremely important
Binge 2 characteristics
- Eating excessive amount of food in short period of time
2. Feeling of losing control over eating
Physical consequences of Anorexia
- Blood pressure falls, heart rate slows
- Bone mass declines
- Skin dries out
- Kidney and gastrointestinal problems
- Hair loss
Prognosis Anorexia
50-70% recover, often after 6 years. 3-5% death rates
Prevalence of Bulimia
1-2% of population, 90% are women
Bulimia comorbidities
- Depression
- Personality Disorders
- Anxiety
- Substance use
- Conduct disorders
Anorexia comorbidities
- Depression
- OCD
- Phobias, Panic disorder
- Personality Disorders
Physical consequences of Bulimia
- Potassium depletion
- Irregular heartbeat due to laxatives
- Tissue damage in the stomach and throat
- Loss of dental enamel due to vomiting
Prognosis Bulimia
68-75% recover
Binge Eating Disorder DSM criteria
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Binge eating episodes include three of the following:
- Eating more quickly than usual
- Eating until over full
- Eating large amounts even if not hungry
- Eating alone due to embarrassment about quantity
- Feeling bad - No compensatory behavior is present
Physical consequences of Binge Eating Disorder
- Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular problems
- Chronic back pain
- Headaches
Prognosis Binge Eating Disorder
25-82% recovers. Duration usually 4 years
Etiology Eating Disorders (Genetic)
Eating disorder have high genetic component and show high heritability
Neurobiological factors in etiology Eating Disorders
- Hypothalamus plays a role in eating and hunger.
- Endogenous opioids released during starvation can play a role in Anorexia
- Dorsal striatum involved in rewarding habits like not eating
- Serotonin may play a role in Bulimia
- Dopamine role in unrestrained eating
Cognitive behavioral factors in Anorexia
- Often onset after period of weight loss and compliments reinforcing further weight loss
- Criticism from peers
- Experiencing emotions very intensely
Cognitive behavioral factors in Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorders
- Overly concerned with body image (Bulimia)
- Very strict rules about diet which are eventually broken (Bulimia)
- Response to binge predict onset of eating disorder
- More attention to food related cues
Sociocultural factors in developing Eating Disorders
- Society preoccupied with thinness
2. Media portrayal of thin models
Gender influences in Eating Disorders
Western cultural standards are reinforcing the desirability to be thin. Women are also often viewed through a sexual lens
Racial differences in Eating Disorders
More common in white women than black women
Personality factors in Eating Disorders
- Perfectionistic
- Shy
- Before bulimia histrionic features, affective instability
- Body dissatisfaction
- Propensity to experience negative emotions
Medications to treat Eating Disorders
- Antidepressants for Bulimia
2. Anti-obesity drugs are promising but more research is needed
Psychological treatment for Anorexia
- CBT
- Psychodynamic therapy
- Family therapy
- Operant conditioning behavior therapy
