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Clinical Psychology Part 2 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

DSM Criteria for Substance Use Disorder

A

2 of the following:

  1. Failure to meet obligations
  2. Repeated use when it is physically dangerous
  3. Repeated relationship problems
  4. Continued use despite problems
  5. Tolerance
  6. Withdrawal
  7. Substance taken in greater amounts than intended
  8. Efforts to reduce don’t work
  9. A lot of time spent trying to get substance
  10. Social activities reduced
  11. Craving is strong
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2
Q

Severity rating for substance use disorder

A

Mild: 2-3 criteria
Moderate: 4-5 criteria
Severe: 6 or more criteria

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3
Q

Tolerance

A

Larger doses needed to get same effect or effect of drug becomes markedly less when taking usual amount.

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4
Q

Substance withdrawal symptoms

A
  1. Muscle pains
  2. Twitching
  3. Sweats
  4. Vomiting
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Insomnia
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5
Q

Gambling Disorder Criteria

A

4 to meet diagnosis

  1. Gambling when feeling negative emotions
  2. Trying to stop causes negative feelings
  3. Reliance on other people to fix financial consequences
  4. Continued gambling despite problems
  5. Continued gambling to recoup losses
  6. Lying about gambling
  7. Need to gamble with more money
  8. Can’t stop gambling
  9. Time spent thinking about gambling
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6
Q

Delirium tremens (DT’S)

A

Person becomes delirious due to sudden drop in alcohol level in the blood

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7
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Growth of the fetus is slowed.

Cranial, facial and limb abnormalities

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8
Q

Effects of secondhand smoke

A
  1. Lung damage
  2. Babies of women exposed to secondhand smoke more likely to be born prematurely and have birth defects
  3. Children of smokers more likely to have asthma and infections in ear
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9
Q

Effects of opioids

A

Euphoria, drowsiness and lack of coordination

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10
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of opioids

A
  1. Muscle pain,
  2. Sneezing
  3. Sweating
  4. Tearful and yawning
  5. Symptoms of flu
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11
Q

Etiology of substance use disorders (Genetic factors)

A

Relatives and children of problem drinkers are more likely to get alcohol use disorder
Twin studies revealed that identical twins have higher chance to get alcohol use disorder.

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12
Q

Etiology of substance use disorder (Neurobiological factors)

A
  1. Dopamine big factor in all substance use disorders (Incentive-desensitization theory)
  2. Valuing short term over long term
  3. Vulnerability model: problems in dopamine system make some more vulnerable
  4. Toxic effect model: problems in dopamine system are an effect of substance abuse
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13
Q

Etiology of substance use disorder (Psychological factors)

A
  1. Inability to regulate negative emotion
  2. Expectancy about effects of drug
  3. Personality factors (neuroticism, impulsivity, sensation seeking)
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14
Q

Incentive-sensitization theory

A

Dopamine system linked to pleasure becomes super sensitive to drug or cues related to drug

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15
Q

Etiology of substance use disorders (Sociocultural factors)

A

Countries where drinking is more accepted has higher dependency on alcohol
Exposure to alcohol in family increases likelihood of drinking

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16
Q

Treatment of alcohol use disorder

A
  1. Inpatient hospital treatment
  2. Alcoholics Anonymous
  3. Couples therapy
  4. Motivational interventions
  5. Moderation in Drinking
  6. Medications (Antabuse)
17
Q

Treatments for smoking

A
  1. Psychological treatments

2. Nicotine replacement and medications

18
Q

Treatment of drug use disorders

A
  1. Psychological treatments: CBT, Contingency management, Motivational enhancement therapy
  2. Medications: Opioid substitutes, Opioid antagonists
19
Q

Prevalence for Substance use disorders

A

2-3%

20
Q

Drinking motives

A
  1. Enhance positive mood
  2. Social rewards
  3. Coping
  4. Avoid social rejection
21
Q

Alcohol myopia

A

the tendency of alcohol to increase a person’s concentration upon immediate events and reduce awareness of events which are distant

22
Q

Long term effects of alcohol use

A
  1. Development of cirrhosis of the liver
  2. Inflammation
  3. Heart failure
  4. Erectile dysfunction
  5. Hypertension
  6. Fetal alcohol syndrome
23
Q

Marijuana effects

A
  1. More relaxed and sociable
  2. Interfere with attention, memory and thinking
  3. Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth and throat, increased appetite and blood pressure
  4. Damage to lungs and cardiovascular system
24
Q

Opioids effects

A
  1. Euphoria, drowsiness and lack of coordination
  2. Highly addicting
  3. Exposure to HIV due to sharing of needles
25
Q

PCP effects

A
  1. Paranoia
  2. Violence
  3. Coma and possibly death

Clinical Psychology Part 2 (6 decks)

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