Chapter 11

Question 1

Organizations that exist to represent the interests of employees in the
workplace and to ensure fair treatment when conflicts arise between one or more
employee and management.

Answer 1

Labor unions

Question 2

The process in which labor union leadership enters into good
faith negotiations with management representatives over terms of employment such as
work hours, pay, and job security.

Answer 2

Collective bargaining

Question 3

Written documents that describe the terms of

employment reached between management and unions.

Answer 3

Collective bargaining agreement

Question 4

Laws that prohibit management and unions from entering into

agreements requiring union membership as a condition of employment.

Answer 4

Right-to-work laws

Question 5

Basic element in the structure of the U.S. labor movement.

Answer 5

Local union

Question 6

Bargaining unit, such as the Carpenters and Joiners union, which is
typically composed of members of a particular trade or skill in a specific locality.

Answer 6

Craft union:

Question 7

Bargaining unit that generally consists of all the workers in a
particular plant or group of plants.

Answer 7

Industrial union

Question 8

Oranization composed of local unions, which it charters

Answer 8

National union

Question 9

Central trade union federation in the United States.

Answer 9

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFLCIO)

Question 10

Topics related to, “What they say the stand for, campaigns,

strategic organizing, key facts, and who we are” are included on the Web site

Answer 10

www.changetowin.org

Question 11

Union federation consisting of seven unions that broke from
the AFL-CIO and formally launched a rival labor federation representing about 6 million
workers from 7 labor unions.

Answer 11

Change to Win Coalition

Question 12

Laws that prohibit management and unions from entering into

agreements requiring union membership as a condition of employment.

Answer 12

Right-to-work laws

Question 13

Political arm of the AFL-CIO.

Answer 13

Committee on Political Education (COPE)

Question 14

Process of training union organizers to apply for jobs at a company and,
once hired, working to unionize employees

Answer 14

Union salting

Question 15

Process of the union inundating communities with organizers

to target a particular business.

Answer 15

Flooding the community

Question 16

Labor maneuvers that do not coincide with a strike or an

organizing campaign to pressure an employer for better wages, benefits, and the like

Answer 16

Public awareness campaigns

Question 17

Organizing approach by labor in which employees sign a nonsecret card of
support if they want unionization, and if 50 percent of the workforce plus one worker
signs a card, the union is formed.

Answer 17

Card check

Question 18

The NLRB is a federal agency that administers the National Labor
Relations Act.

Answer 18

www. nlrb.gov

Question 19

Group of employees, not necessarily union members, recognized by an
employer or certified by an administrative agency as appropriate for representation by a
labor organization for purposes of collective bargaining.

Answer 19

Bargaining unit

Question 20

Document indicating that an employee wants to be represented by a
labor organization in collective bargaining

Answer 20

Authorization card

Question 21

Bargaining issues that fall within the definition of wages,

hours, and other terms and conditions of employment

Answer 21

Mandatory bargaining issues

Question 22

Issues that may be raised, but neither side may insist that

they be bargained over.

Answer 22

Permissive bargaining issues

Question 23

Issues that are statutorily outlawed from collective

bargaining.

Answer 23

Prohibited bargaining issues

Question 24

Arrangement making union membership a prerequisite for employment

Answer 24

Closed shop

Question 25

Requirement that all employees become members of the union after aspecified period of employment (the legal minimum is 30 days) or after a union shop
provision has been negotiated.

Answer 25

Union shop

Question 26

Employees who are members of the union when the labor
agreement is signed or who later voluntarily join must continue their memberships until
the termination of the agreement, as a condition of employment.

Answer 26

Maintenance of membership

Question 27

Labor agreement provision requiring, as a condition of employment, that
each nonunion member of a bargaining unit pay the union the equivalent of membership
dues as a service charge in return for the union acting as the bargaining agent.

Answer 27

Agency shop

Question 28

Employment on equal terms to union members and nonmembers alike.

Answer 28

Open shop

Question 29

Agreement by which a company agrees to withhold union dues from
members’ paychecks and to forward the money directly to the union

Answer 29

Checkoff of dues

Question 30

Employee’s dissatisfaction or feeling of personal injustice relating to his or
her employment

Answer 30

Grievance

Question 31

Formal, systematic process that permits employees to express

complaints without jeopardizing their jobs.

Answer 31

Grievance procedure

Question 32

An individual who is both an official of the union and a company
employee who represents and defends the interests of fellow employees

Answer 32

Union steward

Question 33

The length of time an employee has been associated with the company,
division, department, or job.

Answer 33

Seniority

Question 34

Demands that the union does not expect management to meet

when they are first made.

Answer 34

Beachhead demands

Question 35

Neutral third party enters the negotiations and attempts to facilitate a
resolution to a labor dispute when a bargaining impasse has occurred

Answer 35

Mediation

Question 36

Process in which a dispute is submitted to an impartial third party for a
binding decision; basically acts as a judge and jury

Answer 36

Arbitration

Question 37

Arbitration involving disputes over the interpretation and application
of the various provisions of an existing contract

Answer 37

Rights arbitration

Question 38

Arbitration that involves disputes over the terms of proposed
collective bargaining agreements.

Answer 38

Interest arbitration:

Question 39

Action by union members who refuse to work in order to exert pressure on
management in negotiations

Answer 39

Strike

Question 40

Agreement by union members to refuse to use or buy the firm’s products.

Answer 40

Boycott

Question 41

Union attempt to encourage third parties (such as suppliers and
customers) to stop doing business with a firm; declared illegal by the Taft-Hartley Act.

Answer 41

Secondary boycott

Question 42

Management decision to keep union workers out of the workplace and run the
operation with management personnel or replacements.

Answer 42

Lockout

Question 43

An arbitration procedure is used in the public sector whereby
the arbitrator must select one party’s offer either as a package or issue-by-issue selection

Answer 43

Final-offer arbitration

Question 44

Reverse of the process that employees must follow to be recognized as
an official bargaining unit.

Answer 44

Decertification

Question 45

Elon:

Besos and Zuckerberg:

Answer 45

Benevolent

Exploitative