Chapter 10 worksheet

Question 1

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Answer 1

Antimicrobial Example
- Penicillin
- Bacitracin
- Cephalosporins

Structure or metabolism targeted in microbe (prokaryotic cell)
- CELL WALL

Structure or metabolism targeted in the host
(eukaryotic cell)
- NONE

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- High

Host
- Low

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- Yes

Question 2

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Answer 2

Antimicrobial Examples
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Antisence
- nucleic acids

Structure or metabolism targeted in microbe
(prokaryotic cell)
- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Structure or metabolism targeted in
the host (eukaryotic cell)
- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- HIGH

Host
- HIGH

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- No

Question 3

Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membrane

Answer 3

Antimicrobial Examples
- Polymyxins
- Polyenes

Structure or metabolism
targeted in microbe (prokaryotic cell)
- Cytoplasmic membranes

Structure or metabolism targeted in the host
(eukaryotic cell)
- Cytoplasmic membranes

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- HIGH

Host
- HIGH

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- No

Question 4

Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways

Answer 4

Antimicrobial Examples
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethropim
- Dapsone

Structure or metabolism targeted in
microbe (prokaryotic cell)
- General Metabolic Pathway

Structure or metabolism
targeted in the host (eukaryotic cell)
- General Metabolic Pathway

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- HIGH

Host
- HIGH Except: Sulfona mides

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- No

Question 5

Inhibition of DNA and RNA Synthesis

Answer 5

Antimicrobial Examples
- Actinomycin
- Nucleotides
- Analogs
- Quinolones

Structure or metabolism targeted in
microbe (prokaryotic cell)
- DNA and RNA Synthesis

Structure or metabolism targeted in the host
(eukaryotic cell)
- DNA and RNA Synthesis

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- HIGH

Host
- HIGH

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- No

Question 6

Inhibition of Pathogen Attachment
or Entry

Answer 6

Antimicrobial Examples
- Arildone
- Pleconaril

Structure or metabolism
targeted in microbe (prokaryotic cell)
- Glycoproteins (Example: Spikes)

Structure or metabolism targeted in
the host (eukaryotic cell)
- Receptors

Selective Toxicity (Low or High)
Microbe
- HIGH

Host
- HIGH

Does this mode of action show selective
toxicity? (Yes or No)
- No

Question 7

Examples include methicillin and C, which Inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol imipenem.

Answer 7

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 8

Blocking the binding of tRNA to ribosome A-site), ex. Tetracyclines

Answer 8

inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 9

Competitive inhibition (PABA analog-
ex. Sulfa drugs)

Answer 9

Inhibition of General Metabolic
Pathways

Question 10

Examples include lipoglycopeptides (vancomycin)

Answer 10

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 11

Blocking the formation of peptide bonds
(ex. Chloramphenicol)

Answer 11

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 12

Interfering with particular alanine- alanine bridges that link NAM subunits (ex Lipoglycopeptides)

Answer 12

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 13

Nucleotide analogs (ex. AZT)

Answer 13

Inhibition of DNA and RNA Synthesis

Question 14

Binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes (ex. Polyenes).

Answer 14

Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membranes

Question 15

Preventing the cross-linkage of NAM (ex. Beta-lactams: Penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenems)

Answer 15

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 16

Inhibits DNA gyrase (ex. Quinolones).

Answer 16

Inhibition of DNA and RNA Synthesis

Question 17

Binding to the 50S subunit

Answer 17

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 18

Bacitracin blocks the transport of NAG and NAM across the cytoplasmic membrane to the wall

Answer 18

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 19

Prevents attachment and entry of
virus

Answer 19

Inhibition of Pathogen’s Attachment
or Entry into the Host

Question 20

Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase.

Answer 20

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 21

Prevents removal of capsid
(uncoating)

Answer 21

Inhibition of Pathogen’s Attachment
or Entry into the Host

Question 22

Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol (ex. Azoles)

Answer 22

Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membranes

Question 23

Disrupt the formation of mycolic acid (ex. Isoniazid)

Answer 23

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 24

Change the shape of the 30S subunit (ex. Aminoglycosides- gentamicin)

Answer 24

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 25

Inhibition of the enzyme that synthesizes glucan in the fungal cell walls (ex Echinocandins)

Answer 25

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

Question 26

Antisense nucleic acids

Answer 26

inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 27

Blocking initiation of transcription.

Answer 27

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 28

They act as antimetabolic agents.

Answer 28

Inhibition of General Metabolic Pathways

Question 29

Block enzyme necessary for HIV replication (ex. Protease inhibitors).

Answer 29

Inhibition of General Metabolic Pathways

Question 30

Examples include nucleotide analogs or nucleoside analogs.

Answer 30

Inhibition of DNA and RNA Synthesis

Question 31

Attachment antagonists (ex. Pleconaril).

Answer 31

Inhibition of Pathogen’s Attachment or Entry into the Host

Question 32

Development of Drug-resistant strains:

Answer 32

A bacterial population has both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cells, but antimicrobial drugs inhibit most drug-sensitive cells, reducing competition and allowing drug-resistant cells to grow more rapidly. Antimicrobial drugs don't create resistance but select for resistant cells already present in the population.

Question 33

Spread of drug-resistant genes:

Answer 33

Some bacteria transfer the drug-resistant genes to other bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (transformation, conjugation, transduction).