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nutrition 237 > chapter 10 - weight, eating disorders > Flashcards

chapter 10 - weight, eating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

malnutrition

A

can be OVERnutrition or UNDERnutrition
- contributes to failing health
- can happen even if overweight/obese

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2
Q

factors influencing body weight & composition

A

genetics & environment

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3
Q

set-point theory

A

genetically predetermined body weight/fat content

doesn’t effectively explain obesity epidemic

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4
Q

settling point

A

passive feedback between the size of body stores and aspects of expenditure

settle into a certain, stable weight based on circumstances

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5
Q

factors that encourage body fat/obesity

A
  • aging
  • female gender
  • high-calorie diet
  • sedentary activity level
  • weight history
  • social factors
  • medications
  • geographic location
  • genetics
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6
Q

limited fat stores: diseases/disorders

A

caused by:
- anorexia nervosa
- Marfan syndrome

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7
Q

obesity: diseases/disorders

A
  • brain tumors
  • ovarian cysts
  • hypothyroidism
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
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8
Q

treatment for underweight, overweight, obesity

A

long-term lifestyle modifications

(diets only cause weight cycling)

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9
Q

key features of a GOOD weight loss program

A
  1. control energy intake (lose 1-2 lbs/week)
  2. perform regular physical activity
  3. behavior modification (maintenance of healthy lifestyle)
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10
Q

weight loss feature 1

A

control energy intake:
- eat low-density foods
- eat breakfast

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11
Q

weight loss feature 2

A

regular physical activity
- expend 100-300 cal/day above normal activity
- duration & regularity
- enjoyable activities

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12
Q

weight loss feature 3

A

behavior modiciation
- chain-breaking
- stimulus control
- cognitive restructuring
- contingency management
- self-monitoring

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13
Q

chain-breaking

A

try to separate behaviors that occur together (boredom > eating > guilt > more eating)

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14
Q

stimulus control

A

alter the environment to minimize stimuli for eating

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15
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

change frame of mind regarding eating

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16
Q

contingency management

A

prepare for situations that can trigger overeating

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17
Q

self-monitoring

A
  • track your food
  • track when you eat, why you eat, how you feel
  • track exercise
  • track weight
18
Q

fad diet

A

unhealthy, unrealistic eating plan

monotonous and/or restrictive

may cause immediate, dramatic weight loss but this RARELY lasts

19
Q

intermittent fasting

A

eating pattern with extended periods of time with little to no food intake (16-48 hours)

20
Q

periodic fasting

A

fasting lasting from 2 to 21 days

21
Q

non-diet approach

A

recognizes that media, the diet industry, and some doctors encourage an unhealthy preoccupation with weight/size
- highlights diversity, self-esteem, body image

22
Q

diet detriments

A
  • low rates of sustained weight loss
  • low compliance
  • eating disorder prevalence
  • dangers with many weight loss methods
23
Q

non-diet principles

A
  1. respect others’ bodies even if they’re different from ours
  2. each person is only responsible for their own body
  3. good health is defined by physical, mental, and social well-being, not by body size
  4. people of all shapes & sizes can reduce risk of poor health by adopting a healthy lifestyle
24
Q

non-diet approach to weight management

A
  • best treatment for obesity = prevention
  • steady weight loss instead of fast weight loss
25
Q

recommendations to achieve healthy weight loss

A
  • STEADY weight loss: 0.5 to 2 lbs/week for first 6 months
  • the next six months = maintaining the loss
  • 5-10% weight loss
26
Q

5-10% weight loss benefits

A
  • decrease BP, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, insulin resistance
  • increase HDL
  • decrease risk of some cancers
  • decrease arthritis pain (hip, leg)
27
Q

most common EDs

A
  • anorexia
  • binge-eating (this one is the MOST common)
  • bulimia
28
Q

anorexia presentation

A

weight loss, distorted body image

dry/brittle nails, thin hair, discolored teeth, dry skin

may involve severe restriction, compulsive exercise, purging and/or binge-eating

29
Q

anorexia treatment

A

multidisciplinary teams: physicians, dietitians, psychologists

ideal setting = medical center

sudden death can be caused by electrolyte imbalances and cardiac arrest

30
Q

bulimia presentation

A

cycle of bingeing & compensatory behaviors
- bingeing = triggered by dieting, stress, boredom, loneliness, depression
- food = not enjoyed or tasted
- turn toward food when faced with problems
- at or above normal weight

31
Q

bulimia physical effects

A
  • demineralization of teeth
  • low potassium
  • swelled salivary glands
  • stomach ulcers
  • teared espophagus
  • constipation
32
Q

bulimia treatment

A
  • nutrition therapy = develop regular eating habits without restriction, correct misconceptions about food
  • psychological therapy = improve self-acceptance, correct all-or-none thinking
33
Q

binge-eating disorder presentation

A
  • eat large amounts of food frequently, rapidly, alone, until uncomfortably full
  • not necessarily obese
  • often triggered by stress, depression, anxiety
34
Q

binge-eating disorder treatment

A
  • health risks come from obesity, weight stigma, weight cycling
  • treatment = usually requires professional help
  • nutrition therapy = same as with bulimina
  • psychological therapy = identify/express emotions
  • self-help groups
35
Q

protein-energy malnutrition

A
  • deficiency in both protein & kcal (these usually coincide)
  • serious public health concern in developing areas (stunted growth & immune function)
36
Q

kwashiorkor

A

severe protein deficit

characterized by mild/moderate weight loss, edema, growth impairment, fatty liver

37
Q

marasmus

A

severe energy AND protein deficit

characterized by severe weight loss, severe growth impairment

develops gradually

38
Q

etiology-based nutrition diagnoses

A
  1. starvation-related malnutrition
  2. chronic disease-related malnutrition
  3. marked inflammatory response
39
Q

starvation-related malnutrition

A
  • no inflammation
  • pure chronic starvation, anorexia
40
Q

chronic disease-related malnutrition

A
  • mild to moderate inflammation
  • organ failure, pancreatic cancer, sarcopenic obesity
41
Q

acute-disease or injury-related malnutrition

A
  • severe inflammation
  • major infection, burns, trauma

nutrition 237 (7 decks)

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