CHAPTER 10 - THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE Flashcards
Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
Lack of object permanence (out of sight, out of mind [e.g., yarn ball dropped])
2 MONTHS
Stares at own hand
Self-discovery, cause and effect
4 MONTHS
Pretend play with doll (e.g., gives doll bottle)
Symbolic thought
17
Uses stick to reach toy
Able to link actions to solve problems
17
Egocentric symbolic play (e.g., pretends to drink from cup)
Beginning symbolic thought
12
Uncovers toy (after seeing it hidden)
Object permanence
8 months
same source is 9 months-object permanence (constancy)
Bangs 2 cubes
Active comparison of objects
8
Speaks first real word
Beginning of labeling
12
Speaks 2-word sentences (e.g., “Mommy shoe”)
Beginning grammatization, corresponds with 50 word vocabulary
19
Speaks 10-15 words
Acquisition of object and personal names
18
Speaks 4-6 words
Acquisition of object and personal name
15
Points to objects
Interactive communication
10
Says “mama” or “dada”
Expressive language
10
Follows one-step command without gesture
Verbal receptive language (e.g., “Give it to me”)
10
Follows one-step command with gesture
Nonverbal communication
7
Inhibits to “no”
Response to tone (nonverbal)
7
Monosyllabic babble
Experimentation with sound, tactile sense
6
Smiles in response to face, voice
More active social participant
1.5
Grasps rattle
Object use
3.5
Reaches for objects
Visuomotor coordination
4
Palmar grasp gone
Voluntary release
4
Transfers object hand to hand
Comparison of objects
5.5
Thumb-finger grasp
Able to explore small objects
8
Turns pages of book
Increasing autonomy during book time
12
Scribbles
Visual–motor coordination
13
Builds tower of 2 cubes
Uses objects in combination
15
Builds tower of 6 cubes
Requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
pincer grasp
Follows one step command WITHOUT GESTURES
10 months
Scribbles
13 months
Runs
16 months
Walks alone
12 months
Rolls back to stomach
6.5
Sits WITHOUT SUPPORT
6 months
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex GONE
4 months
Brings hand together in midline
3 months
Pulls to sit, with no head lag
3 months
Holds head steady while sitting
2 months
Weight gain
-decrease 10% on 1st week -gain on 2nd week -30 g (1oz/day) 1st month -@ 4 months DOUBLED birth weight -@ 1 year TRIPLES birth weight
Sit unsupported
6-7 months
Pivot while sitting
9-10 months
Thumb-finger grasp
8-9 months
Pincer grasp
12 months
- Lies in FLEXED attitude; turns head from SIDE TO SIDE; head SAGS on ventral suspension
- Supine: Generally FLEXED and a little STIFF
- May fixate face on light IN LINE OF VISION; “DOLL’S-EYE” movement of eyes on turning of the body
- MORO RESPONSE ACTIVE; stepping and placing reflex;
GRASP REFLEX active
-Visual preference for HUMAN FACE
NEONATAL PERIOD (1ST 4 WEEKS)
Prone: Legs more extended; holds chin up; turns head; head lifted momentarily to plane of body on ventral suspension
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; supple and relaxed; head lags when pulled to sitting position
Visual: Watches person; follows moving object
Social: Body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact; beginning to smile
1 month
Prone: Raises head slightly farther; head sustained in plane of body on ventral suspension
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; head lags when pulled to sitting position
Visual: Follows moving object 180 degrees
Social: Smiles on social contact; listens to voice and coos
2 months
Prone: Lifts head and chest with arms extended; head above plane of body on ventral suspension
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; reaches toward and misses objects; waves at toy
Sitting: Head lag partially compensated when pulled to sitting position; early head control with bobbing motion; back rounded
Reflex: Typical Moro response has not persisted; makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions
Social: Sustained social contact; listens to music; says “aah, ngah”
3 months
Sitting: Sits up alone and indefinitely without support, with back straight
Standing: Pulls to standing position; “cruises” or walks holding on to furniture
Motor: Creeps or crawls
Adaptive: Grasps objects with thumb and forefinger; pokes at things with forefinger; picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement;
uncovers hidden toy; attempts to retrieve dropped object; releases object grasped by other person
Language: Repetitive consonant sounds (“mama,” “dada”)
Social: Responds to sound of name; plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake; waves bye-bye
10 months
Prone: Lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis; legs extended
Supine: Symmetric posture predominates, hands in midline; reaches and grasps objects and brings them to mouth
Sitting: No head lag when pulled to sitting position; head steady, tipped forward; enjoys sitting with full truncal support
Standing: | When held erect, pushes with feet
Adaptive: Sees raisin, but makes no move to reach for it
Social: Laughs out loud; may show displeasure if social contact is broken; excited at sight of food
4 months
Motor: Walks with one hand held; rises independently, takes several steps (Knobloch)
Adaptive: Picks up raisin with unassisted pincer movement of forefinger and thumb; releases object to other person on request or gesture
Language: Says a few words besides “mama,” “dada”
Social: Plays simple ball game; makes postural adjustment to dressing
1 year
Prone: Rolls over; pivots; crawls or creep-crawls (Knobloch)
Supine: Lifts head; rolls over; squirms
Sitting: Sits briefly, with support of pelvis; leans forward on hands; back rounded
Standing: | May support most of weight; bounces actively
Adaptive: Reaches out for and grasps large object; transfers objects from hand to hand; grasp uses radial palm; rakes at raisin
Language: Forms polysyllabic vowel sounds
Social: Prefers mother; babbles; enjoys mirror; responds to changes in emotional content of social contact
7 months
