2B : NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS Flashcards
Process by which food or food components are taken in, processed and utilized by the body for growth, proper functioning and overall well-being
nutrition
classified depending on the amount that is needed by the human body into macro and micronutrients. water is also considered a nutrient
nutrition
nutritional disorders results from
deficiency, excess and imbalance of nutrients or alteration at the gene levels
conditions are classified as:
- undernutrition
- overnutrition or obesity
- specific deficiency states
nutritional deficiencies can lead to undernutrition which results in 3 consequences
- growth failure
- physical signs and specific micronutrients deficiencies
- both
when is the greatest risk of undernutrition occurs
first 1,000 days from conception to 24 months of age
adverse effect of malnutrition
- damage to growth and development
- effect on intellectual ability, school achievement, work productivity
measurement of undernutrition
- z score
- height for age (or length-for-age for children <2 yo)
- weight for height
- weight for age
child’s height (weight) minus the median height (weight) for the child’s age and sex divided by teh relevant SD
z score
measure of linear growth and a deficit represents the cumulative impact of adverse event usually in the first 100 days from conception, resulting to stunting or chronic malnutrition
height for age or length for age for children <2 yo
results to wasting usually indicates acute malnutrition
weight for height
high wieght for height indicates
overweight
most commonly used index of nutritional status although a low value has limited clinical significance because it does not differentiate between wasting and stunting
weight for age
advantage of being somewhat easier to measure than indices that require height measurements
weight for age
used for screening wasted children
mid upper arm circumference
age and gender specific
BMI
calculated by dividing weight in kilogram by the square of heighht in meters
BMI
Can be used from birth to 20 years and is a screening tool for
thinness
overweight
obesity
BMI for age
BMI FOR AGE
THINNESS
Less than /2 SD
BMI FOR AGE
OVERWEIGHT
between +1 SD and +2 SD
BMI FOR AGE
obesity
greater than +2 SD
to diagnose obesity
additional measures of adiposity are desirable because a high BMI can result from high muscularity and not only from excess subcutaneous fat
weight for age (%) = weight of the child divide by weight of a normal child of same age x 100
gomez classification (underweight)
gomez classification
90-75% of median weight for age
grade 1
mild
gomez classification
75-60% of median weight for age
grade 2 moderate
gomez classification
<60% of median weight for age
grade 3 severe
weight for height (%) = weight of patient divide by weight of a normal child of the same height x 100
waterlow classification
WASTING
height for age (%) = height of patient divide by height of a normal child of the same age x 100
waterlow classification
STUNTING
WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT
90-80% of median weight for height
mild
WASTING
WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT
80-70% of median weight for height
MODERATE
WASTING
WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT
<70% of median weight for height
SEVERE
WASTING
HEIGHT FOR AGE
95-90% of median height for age
mild
stunting
HEIGHT FOR AGE
90-85% of median height for age
moderate
stunting
HEIGHT FOR AGE
<85% of median height for age
severe stunting
WHO WASTING INDEX
-
LESS THAN -2 TO MORE THAN -3 SD WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT
2.** LESS THAN -3 SD** WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT
- MODERATE
- SEVERE
LESS THAN -2 TO MORE THAN -3 SD HEIGHT FOR AGE
MODERATE
STUNTING
MORE THAN -3 SD HEIGHT FOR AGE
SEVERE STUNTING
WHO WASTING FOR AGE GROUP 6-59 MONTHS
- LESS THAN 115 MM MID ARM CIRCUMFERENCE
SEVERE
WHO WASTING FOR AGE GROUP 6-59 MONTHS
115-125 MM MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE
MODERATE
