Chapter 10 - The Excretory System

Question 1

What are the 4 main functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. To remove metabolic wastes form the blood and excrete them outside the body.
2. Helping to control the rate of red blood cell formation by secreting the hormone erythropoietin
3. Helping to regulate blood pressure via the release of renin
4. Help to regulate the volume, composition, and pH of the body fluids (includes mechanisms leading to the formation of urine).

Question 2

What is excretion?

Answer 2

The removal of metabolic wastes.

Question 3

What are the organs involved with excretion?

Answer 3

• lungs
• liver
• sweat glands
• kidneys

Question 4

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 4

In the abdomen near the bottom of the rib cage.

Question 5

What are the equations that represent deamination?

Answer 5

Amino acid + oxygen —–enzymes–> ammonia + carbohydrate

Energy + carbohydrate + ammonia ——> urea + water

Question 6

What is deamination?

Answer 6

The process of converting excess amino acids to carbohydrates so that they can be used broken down to produce energy.

Question 7

What parts make up the nephron?

Answer 7

• renal corpuscle: glomerulus, glomerulus capsule
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of henle
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct

Question 8

What are the three stages in urine formation?

Answer 8

• glomerular filtration
• selective reabsorption
• tubular secretion

Question 9

What occurs in glomerular filtration?

Answer 9

• fluid is forced out of the blood via high blood pressure

- water and dissolved blood components are forced through the differentially permeable membrane into the capsule

Question 10

Where does glomerular filtration take place?

Answer 10

Renal corpuscle

Question 11

What occurs in selective reabsorption?

Answer 11

• plasma that is useful to the body gets filtered from the capillaries of the glomerulus
• this needs to be reabsorbed
• materials RE absorbed include water, glucose, amino acids

Question 12

Where does selective reabsorption mainly occur?

Answer 12

The loop of henle

Question 13

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 13

• materials are added to filtrate the blood

- helps maintain blood pH levels

Question 14

What is not a function of the excretory system?

Answer 14

The elimination of faeces.

Question 15

What parts of the nephron does the cortex contain?

Answer 15

• renal corpuscle

- distal and proximal convoluted tubules

Question 16

What parts of the nephron does the medulla contain?

Answer 16

• loop of Henle

- collecting duct