Chapter 10 Textbook Flashcards
Population increase from 1950 to 2000
6 billion
Projected population for 2050
More than 9 billion
Percentage of people in poverty
16.67%
The variety of living forms in a region
Biodiversity
Price of economic success
Pollution
Number of children who die daily due to malnutrition
18000
Five things which contribute to hunger, poverty, & social injustice
-Lack of education
-Lack of resources
-Conflict & war
-Trade
-Discrimination
5 things impacting food supply
-Lack of food species
-Soil degradation
-Climate Change
-Overpopulation
-Lack of transportation facilities
Five diseases associated with malnutrition
Rickets, beriberi, pellagra, kwashiorkor, blindness
Why Canada is part of problem regarding environment & food
It is one of the most heavily polluting countries
Why Canada can be a solution regarding environment & food
It has a big budget
The concept that a country’s progress should occur at a same pace which can be maintained over the long term, & without exhausting resources
Sustainable Development
Controlling the world population growth will reduce demand for our scarce natural resources.
Human Development
How can human development be done?
By allowing small farms to govern their own plans for their environment.
Develop countries which use clean tech
Technological Development
How technological dev can be done
Reduce, reuse, recycling, & transfer tech to poor countries
Natural resources that are needed for food production should be protected.
Environmental Development
How environmental dev can be done
Prevent the overuse of chemical fertilizers & pesticides
Reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels.
Economic Development
How economic dev can be done
Use renewable sources of energy, such as wind & solar power. Provide people with necessities & ensure female education.
Cooperation between two countries to control a common problem.
Bilateral Action
Cooperation between more than two countries
Multilateral Action
Where are most of the developed countries?
In Northern Hemisphere
What did the diplomats at the 1992 Earth Summit hope to do?
Sign the Earth Charter, which was to guide environmental action
What did the diplomats at the 1992 Earth Charter hope to agree on?
How to:
-Protect & provide clean water
-Protect oceans from pollution and overfishing
-Handle toxic chemicals
-Limit greenhouse gas emissions
5 ways climate change can affect Manitoba
-Reduced water from Rockies
-Thinning Ice
-Forest fires
-Greater risk of flooding
-Less snow cover
The means of carrying on international relationships
Diplomacy
People who represent their country in dealings with other countries
Diplomats
Chief diplomat representing a country at the UN or another country
Ambassador
Official place of business of diplomats, usually a capital city in which diplomats deal with concerns of those two countries
Embassy
An agreement binding two or more countries to obey rules set out in it.
Treaty
A decision which the UN General Assembly expresses the wishes of a majority of its members in regard to a certain problem.
Resolution
Earth Summit
Date - 1992
Purpose - Sign the Earth Charter
Features - fresh water, toxic chemicals, CC, biodiversity, finances
Successes - Developed Earth Charter draft
Failures - Draft not implemented during summit
Developing nations needed financial support to protect environment
Earth Charter
Date - 2000
Purpose - Declaration of fundamental ethical principles for building a society
Features - Respect for life, ecological integrity, human rights, diversity, economic justice, democracy, & peace
Successes - Accepted by many organizations
Failures - Not implemented by UN at time, only later adopted by UBESCO
Kyoto Protocol
Date - Signed 1997, Adopted 2005
Purpose - A plan to reduce greenhouse effect
Features - Take action to reduce greenhouse gases, one-tonne challenge
Successes - Signed by 163 countries
Failures - Not signed by USA, other countries either withdrew or lowered commitment
Summit
A meeting of two or more leaders of those countries to discuss concerns & seek solutions.
4 Values of Earth Charter
Respect & Care for Community of Life
Ecological Integrity
Social & Economic Justice
Democracy, Non-violence, & Peace
Main goal of Kyoto Agreement
Gain acceptance of a plan to reduce greenhouse effect
One-Tonne Challenge
A proposed plan which involved each person reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by a tonne per year
What happened to the one-tonne challenge?
Scrapped by Stephen Harper in 2006, never heard of since
Arguments for Foreign Aid & Universal Human Rights
-Canada must take effective action when rights are violated
-Poor must be protected from rich & powerful
-Corruption prevents aid from coming to needy
-Canada should lead world for HR promotion
-Aid can improve economy
Arguments against Foreign Aid & Universal Human Rights
-We should avoid judging others based on our standards, & instead respect them
-We should allow countries to be self-sufficient
Arguments for Tied Aid
-Giving money to others should give us a right to influence how it is spent
-Donations do not ensure gov will act in best interest
-Spending taxpayers’ money on aid ensures economic benefit to Canadians
Arguments against Tied Aid
-We are not prepared to evaluate other people’s needs
-Tied aid won’t always give best deal to developing countries
