Chapter 10 Review - Muscular System

Question 1

Muscles generate tension to function to:

Answer 1

• produce movement
• stabilize body positions
• generate heat
• regulate organ volumes
• move substances within the body

Question 2

Types of muscle

Answer 2

• Skeletal (voluntary or stratified) muscle
• Smooth Muscle
• Cardiac Muscle

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 3

• voluntary or stratified

- under control ofsomatic nervous system and typically attaches to bone

Question 4

Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

1. Produce body movement: contraction overcomes a load to approximate origin and insertion.
2. Maintain posture and body position: maintains tension without movement.
3. Support soft tissue: pelvic floor and abdominal wall.
4. Guard entrances and exits: acting as sphincters to regulate emptying.
5. Maintain body temperature: contraction is exergonic, releasing energy.
6. Store nutrient reserves: if inadequate nutritional intake, protein broken down for energy.

Question 5

Functional anatomy of skeletal muscle:

Answer 5

Muscle fiber is the basic contractile cell of muscle and it is arranged in bundles wrapped in CT with blood vessels and nerves.

Question 6

Connective Tissue of muscle organ:

Answer 6

1. Endomysium
   a. Capillaries
   b. Satellite cells
   c. Nerve fibers
2. Perimysium
3. Epimysium

Question 7

Endomysium

Answer 7

Elastic CT which surrounds and isolates each muscle fiber, it contains:
A. Capillaries
B. Satellite cells
C. Nerve fibers

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

Endomysium

• supplying each muscle fiber with blood supply

Question 9

Satellite Cells

Answer 9

Endomysium

Muscle stem cells for muscle repair of small injury.

Question 10

Nerve fibers

Answer 10

Endomysium

Each muscle fiber is innervated by motor nerve fiber and CT insulates that fiber so it can contract on its own.

Question 11

Perimysium

Answer 11

Divided muscle into compartments with fascicles of 10 to 100 muscle fibers.

Question 12

Fascicles

Answer 12

Bundles

Question 13

Epimysium

Answer 13

CT which covers the whole muscular organ separating it from other tissues.

Question 14

Tendon/aponeurosis

Answer 14

At the end of each muscle fiber, collagen fibers of the endomysium merges with the perimysium and then with epimysium covered by deep fascia to emerge as a tendon of long flat aponeurosis. Sharpeys fibers blend collagen fibers to periosteum.

Question 15

Skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 15

Are large multinucleated contractile cells. Embroylogically created from about 100 myoblasts (stem cells)

Question 16

Myoblasts

Answer 16

Stem cells

Question 17

Skeletal muscle fiber contain these features:

Answer 17

1. Sarcolemma
2. Sarcoplasm
3. Multinucleated
4. Mitochondria
5. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
6. Transverse Tubules
7. Myofibrils
8. Sarcoplasmic Triad
9. Sarcomeres
10. Myoglobin
11. Glycogen granules

Question 18

Sarcolemma

Answer 18

Cell membrane of the skeletal muscle cell (fiber). Depolarization or sarcolemma is basis for muscular contraction.

Question 19

Sarcoplasm

Answer 19

Refers to skeletal muscle cytoplasm

Question 20

Multinucleated

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle fiber.

With nuclei off to periphery

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Many mitochondria for energy. SKeletal muscle fiber

Question 22

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle which stores calcium. Contains an enzyme (sequestrium) which binds and holds calcium.