Chapter 10: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define homologous series:

Answer 1

a family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group.

Question 2

Define functional group:

Answer 2

a group of atoms bonded in a specific way that is responsible for that homologous series characteristics

Question 3

Alkane general properties:

Answer 3

saturated hydrocarbons
CnH2n+2
generally unreactive

Question 4

uses of alkanes:

Answer 4

fuels
solvents
lubricants
starting compounds

Question 5

Reactions of alkanes:

Answer 5

-combustion and substitution reactions with halogens

Question 6

Alkenes general properties:

Answer 6

unsaturated hydrocarbons
CnH2n
more reactive than alkanes

Question 7

Reactions of Alkenes:

Answer 7

Addition reactions
halogenation: add group 7 elements
hydration: add water
hydrogenation: add hydrogen

Question 8

Define positional isomers:

Answer 8

when the functional group of the molecules occupies different positions the carbon chains

Question 9

Alcohols general properties:

Answer 9

-OH group
CnH2n+1
flammable

Question 10

Alcohols uses:

Answer 10

fuel
solvents
cooking flames
scents and flavorings

Question 11

production of alcohols:

Answer 11

hydration of ethene:
ethene + steam ——-> ethanol (phosphoric acid catalyst, 60 atm, 300 degrees)
small scale, fast, continuous, pure ethanol produces, non- renewable resources used
Fermentation of glucose:
glucose ——-> ethanol + carbon dioxide (yeast enzyme used)
large scale, slow, batch process, impure alcohol produced, renewable resources used

Question 12

Reactions of alcohols:

Answer 12

combustion
oxidation
dehydration

Question 13

Carboxylic acid general properties:

Answer 13

-COOH group
weak acids
CnH2n+1COOH

Question 14

What is Esterification?

Answer 14

Carboxylic acid + alcohol <—> ester + water

Question 15

How do you draw an ester?

Answer 15

carboxylic acid first then functional group then alcohol.