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A&P > Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle converts _________ into ___________ to produce movement

A

chemical energy (ATP)
mechanical energy

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2
Q

Three types of muscle

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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3
Q

what is a muscle cell called

A

muscle fibre

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4
Q

what is a muscle plasma membrane called

A

sarcolemma

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5
Q

what is a muscle cell cytoplasm called

A

sarcoplasm

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6
Q

what is muscle smooth endoplasmic reticulum called

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

what are the properties of muscle tissue

A

electrical excitability
contractibility
extensibility
elasticty

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8
Q

what are the general function of muscle

A

producing body movements
maintaining posture
stabilizing joints
generating heat

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9
Q

what is thermogenesis

A

action of skeletal muscles contracing and creating heat

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10
Q

what is it called when muscles contract and produce heat

A

thermogenesis

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11
Q

what are the components of muscle tissue

A

cells, CT, blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

what are muscle tissue components packaged to form

A

600 skeletal muscles

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13
Q

What separates muscle from skin

A

subcutaneous layer

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14
Q

What supports and surrounds muscle

A

fascia

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15
Q

what is fascia

A

broad or dense sheet of irregular connective tissue

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16
Q

what does the endomysium do

A

surrounds individual muscle tissue within the muscle

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17
Q

what does the perimysium do

A

surrounds a bundle (fasicle) of muscle cells

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18
Q

what does the epimysium do

A

encircles entire muscle (many fasicles)

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19
Q

What do tendons do

A

attach muscle to bone

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20
Q

true or false

A

connective tissues are coninuous with tendons that attach muscle to bone

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21
Q

muscle cells (fibers) is ___________ and _________________

A

elongated and multinucleated

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22
Q

What does the sarcoplasm contain

A

threadlike myofibrlis that extends the length of the cell

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23
Q

what does each myofibril consist of

A

myofilaments

24
Q

what are myofilaments

A

contractile proteins

25
Q

what are the two types of myofilaments

A

thick myofilaments
thin myofilaments

26
Q

What are thick myofilaments composed of

A

composed of the protein myosin

27
Q

what does myosin have

A

a tail and 2 globular heads

28
Q

what are thin myofilaments composed of

A

glubular protein: actin
regulatory proteins: troponin and tropomyosin

29
Q

what does tropomyosin do

A

block myosin binding sites on actin when the muscle is at rest

30
Q

what does troponin do

A

binds to actin and trypomosin , glues them together
also binds to Ca2+

31
Q

what are myofilaments organized into

A

sarcomeres

32
Q

what are sarcomeres

A

functional units of skeletal muscles

33
Q

what does the arrangement of sarcomeres result in

A

striations

34
Q

what are the components of a sarcomere

A

Z discs - separate sarcomeres
A band- middle region of sarcomere
H zone- centre of A band
I band- on either side of A band
M line- centre of H zone

35
Q

what does the A band have

A

both thick and thin myofilaments

36
Q

what does the H zone have

A

juts thick myofilaments

37
Q

what does the I band have

A

only thin myofilaments

38
Q

What happens at the M line

A

where fine protein strands hold adjacent think myofilaments tgt

39
Q

The sarcolemma extends inwards to form what

A

T tubule

40
Q

Where do T tubules occur

A

at the a and i band junctions

41
Q

What is the T tubule filled with and what does it help with

A

filled with extracellular fluid
helps with coordination of muscle contraction and electrical signal distribution

42
Q

What surrounds each myofibril

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum’s function

A

stores and release Ca2+

44
Q

What forms a triad

A

T tubule and 2 cisterns on either side

45
Q

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts is called what

A

a motor unit

46
Q

fine motor control / small movements =

A

small # of motor units

47
Q

larger contraction =

A

more motor units

48
Q

each muscle fiber has an individual _________

A

neuromuscular junction

49
Q

where is a neuromuscular juntion found

A

in the middle of the muscle fiber

50
Q

what is used to stimulate skeletal muscles

A

acetylcholine

51
Q

What is ACh

A

the neurotransmitter used to cross the synaptic cleft

52
Q

an increase in stimulus strength will what

A

increase the number of motor units

53
Q

an increase in stimulus frequncy will what

A

increase the force of contraction

54
Q

contraction requires ___________

A

a constant input of energy

55
Q
A

A&P (6 decks)

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