Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue

Question 1

Muscle converts _________ into ___________ to produce movement

Answer 1

chemical energy (ATP)
mechanical energy

Question 2

Three types of muscle

Answer 2

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 3

what is a muscle cell called

Answer 3

muscle fibre

Question 4

what is a muscle plasma membrane called

Answer 4

sarcolemma

Question 5

what is a muscle cell cytoplasm called

Answer 5

sarcoplasm

Question 6

what is muscle smooth endoplasmic reticulum called

Answer 6

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

what are the properties of muscle tissue

Answer 7

electrical excitability
contractibility
extensibility
elasticty

Question 8

what are the general function of muscle

Answer 8

producing body movements
maintaining posture
stabilizing joints
generating heat

Question 9

what is thermogenesis

Answer 9

action of skeletal muscles contracing and creating heat

Question 10

what is it called when muscles contract and produce heat

Answer 10

thermogenesis

Question 11

what are the components of muscle tissue

Answer 11

cells, CT, blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

what are muscle tissue components packaged to form

Answer 12

600 skeletal muscles

Question 13

What separates muscle from skin

Answer 13

subcutaneous layer

Question 14

What supports and surrounds muscle

Answer 14

fascia

Question 15

what is fascia

Answer 15

broad or dense sheet of irregular connective tissue

Question 16

what does the endomysium do

Answer 16

surrounds individual muscle tissue within the muscle

Question 17

what does the perimysium do

Answer 17

surrounds a bundle (fasicle) of muscle cells

Question 18

what does the epimysium do

Answer 18

encircles entire muscle (many fasicles)

Question 19

What do tendons do

Answer 19

attach muscle to bone

Question 20

true or false

Answer 20

connective tissues are coninuous with tendons that attach muscle to bone

Question 21

muscle cells (fibers) is ___________ and _________________

Answer 21

elongated and multinucleated

Question 22

What does the sarcoplasm contain

Answer 22

threadlike myofibrlis that extends the length of the cell

Question 23

what does each myofibril consist of

Answer 23

myofilaments

Question 24

what are myofilaments

Answer 24

contractile proteins

Question 25

what are the two types of myofilaments

Answer 25

thick myofilaments thin myofilaments

Question 26

What are thick myofilaments composed of

Answer 26

composed of the protein myosin

Question 27

what does myosin have

Answer 27

a tail and 2 globular heads

Question 28

what are thin myofilaments composed of

Answer 28

glubular protein: actin regulatory proteins: troponin and tropomyosin

Question 29

what does tropomyosin do

Answer 29

block myosin binding sites on actin when the muscle is at rest

Question 30

what does troponin do

Answer 30

binds to actin and trypomosin , glues them together also binds to Ca2+

Question 31

what are myofilaments organized into

Answer 31

sarcomeres

Question 32

what are sarcomeres

Answer 32

functional units of skeletal muscles

Question 33

what does the arrangement of sarcomeres result in

Answer 33

striations

Question 34

what are the components of a sarcomere

Answer 34

Z discs - separate sarcomeres A band- middle region of sarcomere H zone- centre of A band I band- on either side of A band M line- centre of H zone

Question 35

what does the A band have

Answer 35

both thick and thin myofilaments

Question 36

what does the H zone have

Answer 36

juts thick myofilaments

Question 37

what does the I band have

Answer 37

only thin myofilaments

Question 38

What happens at the M line

Answer 38

where fine protein strands hold adjacent think myofilaments tgt

Question 39

The sarcolemma extends inwards to form what

Answer 39

T tubule

Question 40

Where do T tubules occur

Answer 40

at the a and i band junctions

Question 41

What is the T tubule filled with and what does it help with

Answer 41

filled with extracellular fluid helps with coordination of muscle contraction and electrical signal distribution

Question 42

What surrounds each myofibril

Answer 42

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum's function

Answer 43

stores and release Ca2+

Question 44

What forms a triad

Answer 44

T tubule and 2 cisterns on either side

Question 45

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts is called what

Answer 45

a motor unit

Question 46

fine motor control / small movements =

Answer 46

small # of motor units

Question 47

larger contraction =

Answer 47

more motor units

Question 48

each muscle fiber has an individual _________

Answer 48

neuromuscular junction

Question 49

where is a neuromuscular juntion found

Answer 49

in the middle of the muscle fiber

Question 50

what is used to stimulate skeletal muscles

Answer 50

acetylcholine

Question 51

What is ACh

Answer 51

the neurotransmitter used to cross the synaptic cleft

Question 52

an increase in stimulus strength will what

Answer 52

increase the number of motor units

Question 53

an increase in stimulus frequncy will what

Answer 53

increase the force of contraction

Question 54

contraction requires ___________

Answer 54

a constant input of energy