Chapter 10: Growth and Development Flashcards
What direction does development spread?
Cephalocaudal: development usually happens from head to foot
Proximodistal: gets control of core body before appendages
What is physical literacy?
The ability, knowledge, and confidence to engage in a variety of physical activities. It is important for being active and healthy
A child’s ______ ______ of development of a skill makes it more likely that the child will enjoy and succeed at that skill
optimal window
During adolescence, people can be grouped into 3 different body types called somatotypes. What are they?
Ectomorph (long and lean)
Mesomorph (naturally more muscular)
Endomorph (rounder and heavier)
Females have (more/less) fat than males on average
more
Infant motor development is rudimentary and based on reflexes. Some important motor developments include reflexes, voluntary movement and sensation, and balance/coordination. What parts of the brain do these skills involve?
MIDBRAIN: reflex center
CEREBRUM: voluntary movement
CEREBELLUM: balance and coordination
What are perceptual motor abilities?
It is the brain’s ability to perceive information of what is happening and how to respond by programming a movement (e.g. decision of how to respond to a ball being thrown at you)
What are 3 fundamental skills for motor development?
STABILITY (balancing, twisting, etc.)
LOCOMOTOR (running, hopping, etc.)
MANIPULATIVE (throwing, kicking, etc.)
Give a few examples of what can make someone an expert motor performer
10+ years of practice in a sport
Knowledge base of a sport
Better decision making
Efficient mechanics
Able to detect and correct errors
Name 4 factors affecting growth
Heredity
Nutrition
Socioeconomic status
Exercise at young age
Give some examples of internal or psychological factors affecting motor development
Cognition
Physical activity is needed for the brain
Motivation
Enjoyment
Self concept (how you see yourself)
