Chapter 10 CBT Flashcards
cognitive therapy (CT)
An approach and set of procedures that attempts to change feelings and behavior by modifying faulty thinking and believing.
internal dialogue
The sentences that people tell themselves and the debate that often goes on “inside their head”; a form of self-talk, or inner speech.
irrational beliefs
An unreasonable conviction that leads to emotional and behavioral problems.
Homework
Carefully designed and agreed upon assignments aimed at getting clients to carry out positive actions that induce emotional and attitudinal change. These assignments are checked in later sessions, and clients learn effective ways to dispute self-defeating thinking.
rational emotive imagery (REI)
A form of intense mental practice for learning new emotional and physical habits. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving in exactly the way they would like to in everyday situations.
shame-attacking exercises
A strategy used in REBT therapy that encourages people to do things despite a fear of feeling foolish or embarrassed. The aim of the exercise is to teach people that they can function effectively even if they might be perceived as doing foolish acts.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
A treatment approach that aims at changing cognitions that are leading to psychological problems.
cognitive distortions
In cognitive therapy, the client’s misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimizations, labeling and mislabeling, dichotomous thinking, and personalization.
negative cognitive triad
Refers to negative views of the self (self-criticism), the world (pessimism), and the future (hopelessness).
generic cognitive model
Describes principles pertaining to all CT’s applications from depression and anxiety treatments to therapies for a wide variety of other problems.
Arbitrary inferences
.
A form of cognitive distortion that refers to making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence
Selective abstraction
A cognitive distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event.
Overgeneralization
A process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings.
Magnification and minimization
Consist of perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.
Personalization
A tendency for people to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection.
Labeling and mislabeling
.
Involve portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity
Dichotomous thinking
A cognitive error that involves categorizing experiences in either-or extremes.
Socratic dialogue
A process that cognitive therapists use in helping clients empirically test their core beliefs. Clients form hypotheses about their behavior through observation and monitorin
collaborative empiricism
A strategy of viewing the client as a scientist who is able to make objective interpretations. The process in which therapist and client work together to phrase the client’s faulty beliefs as hypotheses and design homework so that the client can test these hypotheses.
thought records
Aimed at assisting clients in identifying negative automatic thoughts and testing them by looking for evidence that does and does not support the negative thoughts.
automatic thoughts
Maladaptive thoughts that appear to arise reflexively, without conscious deliberation
schema
Core beliefs that are centrally related to dysfunctional behaviors. The process of cognitive therapy involves restructuring distorted core beliefs (or schema).
Strengths-based cognitive behavior therapy (SB-CBT)
A therapeutic approach that emphasizes client strengths, resilience, and resources for positive change.
cognitive behavior modification (CBM)
A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing the client’s self-verbalizations.
cognitive structure
The organizing aspect of thinking, which monitors and directs the choice of thoughts; implies an “executive processor,” one that determines when to continue, interrupt, or change thinking patterns.
coping skills program
A behavioral procedure for helping clients deal effectively with stressful situations by learning to modify their thinking patterns.
stress inoculation training (SIT)
A form of cognitive behavior modification developed by Donald Meichenbaum that is a combination of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral rehearsals, self-monitoring, self-instruction, self-reinforcement, and modifying environmental situations.
stress inoculation
Individuals are given opportunities to deal with relatively mild stress stimuli in successful ways, so that they gradually develop a tolerance for stronger stimuli.
Relapse prevention
Procedure for promoting long-term maintenance that involves identifying situations in which clients are likely to regress to old patterns and to develop coping skills in such situations.
cognitive restructuring
A process of actively altering maladaptive thought patterns and replacing them with constructive and adaptive thoughts and beliefs.
rationality
The quality of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that will help us attain our goals. Irrationality consists of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that are self-defeating and that thwart our goals
