Chapter 10 CBT

Question 1

cognitive therapy (CT)

Answer 1

An approach and set of procedures that attempts to change feelings and behavior by modifying faulty thinking and believing.

Question 2

internal dialogue

Answer 2

The sentences that people tell themselves and the debate that often goes on “inside their head”; a form of self-talk, or inner speech.

Question 3

irrational beliefs

Answer 3

An unreasonable conviction that leads to emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 4

Homework

Answer 4

Carefully designed and agreed upon assignments aimed at getting clients to carry out positive actions that induce emotional and attitudinal change. These assignments are checked in later sessions, and clients learn effective ways to dispute self-defeating thinking.

Question 5

rational emotive imagery (REI)

Answer 5

A form of intense mental practice for learning new emotional and physical habits. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving in exactly the way they would like to in everyday situations.

Question 6

shame-attacking exercises

Answer 6

A strategy used in REBT therapy that encourages people to do things despite a fear of feeling foolish or embarrassed. The aim of the exercise is to teach people that they can function effectively even if they might be perceived as doing foolish acts.

Question 7

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

Answer 7

A treatment approach that aims at changing cognitions that are leading to psychological problems.

Question 8

cognitive distortions

Answer 8

In cognitive therapy, the client’s misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimizations, labeling and mislabeling, dichotomous thinking, and personalization.

Question 9

negative cognitive triad

Answer 9

Refers to negative views of the self (self-criticism), the world (pessimism), and the future (hopelessness).

Question 10

generic cognitive model

Answer 10

Describes principles pertaining to all CT’s applications from depression and anxiety treatments to therapies for a wide variety of other problems.

Question 11

Arbitrary inferences
.

Answer 11

A form of cognitive distortion that refers to making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence

Question 12

Selective abstraction

Answer 12

A cognitive distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event.

Question 13

Overgeneralization

Answer 13

A process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings.

Question 14

Magnification and minimization

Answer 14

Consist of perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.

Question 15

Personalization

Answer 15

A tendency for people to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection.

Question 16

Labeling and mislabeling
.

Answer 16

Involve portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity

Question 17

Dichotomous thinking

Answer 17

A cognitive error that involves categorizing experiences in either-or extremes.

Question 18

Socratic dialogue

Answer 18

A process that cognitive therapists use in helping clients empirically test their core beliefs. Clients form hypotheses about their behavior through observation and monitorin

Question 19

collaborative empiricism

Answer 19

A strategy of viewing the client as a scientist who is able to make objective interpretations. The process in which therapist and client work together to phrase the client’s faulty beliefs as hypotheses and design homework so that the client can test these hypotheses.

Question 20

thought records

Answer 20

Aimed at assisting clients in identifying negative automatic thoughts and testing them by looking for evidence that does and does not support the negative thoughts.

Question 21

automatic thoughts

Answer 21

Maladaptive thoughts that appear to arise reflexively, without conscious deliberation

Question 22

schema

Answer 22

Core beliefs that are centrally related to dysfunctional behaviors. The process of cognitive therapy involves restructuring distorted core beliefs (or schema).

Question 23

Strengths-based cognitive behavior therapy (SB-CBT)

Answer 23

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes client strengths, resilience, and resources for positive change.

Question 24

cognitive behavior modification (CBM)

Answer 24

A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing the client’s self-verbalizations.

Question 25

cognitive structure

Answer 25

The organizing aspect of thinking, which monitors and directs the choice of thoughts; implies an “executive processor,” one that determines when to continue, interrupt, or change thinking patterns.

Question 26

coping skills program

Answer 26

A behavioral procedure for helping clients deal effectively with stressful situations by learning to modify their thinking patterns.

Question 27

stress inoculation training (SIT)

Answer 27

A form of cognitive behavior modification developed by Donald Meichenbaum that is a combination of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral rehearsals, self-monitoring, self-instruction, self-reinforcement, and modifying environmental situations.

Question 28

stress inoculation

Answer 28

Individuals are given opportunities to deal with relatively mild stress stimuli in successful ways, so that they gradually develop a tolerance for stronger stimuli.

Question 29

Relapse prevention

Answer 29

Procedure for promoting long-term maintenance that involves identifying situations in which clients are likely to regress to old patterns and to develop coping skills in such situations.

Question 30

cognitive restructuring

Answer 30

A process of actively altering maladaptive thought patterns and replacing them with constructive and adaptive thoughts and beliefs.

Question 31

rationality

Answer 31

The quality of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that will help us attain our goals. Irrationality consists of thinking, feeling, and acting in ways that are self-defeating and that thwart our goals